11.2 RNW

READING

A cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning from a text

ENTERTAINMENT, EDUCATION, INFORMATION

Purpose for Reading

pre

means before

view

means ‘to look’

preview

means to look before

skimming

• getting the gist of something

• you look for the main point of the reading and identify the ideas that develop it

scanning

• looking for a specific focus or looking for specific information

schemata

• past experiences and knowledge we remember whenever we are faced with a new stimulus

• enables you to be certain that you can understand the new reading material precisely because you have already built previous knowledge related to it.

• cultural and semantic barriers may challenge the chemata that we have formed

formal schemata

• refers to a person’s knowledge of how a text is logically organized to make it understandable to readers

linguistic schemata

• decoding certain features to understand how words are organized and fit together in a sentence

linguistic schemata

ex. language, grammar, vocabulary

context clues

• Words, phrases, and sentences that surround an unfamiliar word that can help you recognize the meaning of an unknown word because the text gives you information about it.

synonyms

• Used when the text has words or phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown word.

• Usually right after the unfamiliar word and often separated. 

• Commas, dashes, or parenthesis; sometimes, or that is, or in other words.

antonyms

• also known as contrast

• Word that reveals the opposite meaning in relation to the unknown word.

• Uses: but, however, although, otherwise, unless, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, while, never, no or not

examples

• Specific details in a text that are used to clarify the meaning of a word.

• When an unfamiliar word is cleared up by giving an example.

• Uses: for instance, such as, and for example

explanations

may be given as clues to describe an unknown term

definitions

• may follow an unfamiliar word. 

• Unknown word is equated to a more familiar word or phrase. 

situations

• It depends on its context or how and where it is used.

• The meaning changes according to the context; thus, the reading of the sentence when decoding. 

connotation

• The positive, negative, or neutral feelings, attitudes, ideas or associations with a word.

• The emotional, cultural and figurative meaning.

denotation

• The basic, precise, literal meaning of the word that can be found in a dictionary.

• The strict dictionary meaning.

critical reading

• Goes beyond passively understanding a text

• Is active

• Don't just read, they interact with the text

• As looking for ways of thinking

• As reasoning

metacognition

• Derived from the Greek word ‘meta’ which means beyond. 

• Beyond thinking

• “Being conscious of one’s own mental processes” (Gunning, 1996) 

• In reading, it includes: ability as a reader to plan, check, monitor, revise, and evaluate one’s unfolding comprehension

Making connections

• Having a separate notebook where you can write your feelings and ideas in reaction to what was read. 

Monitoring and Fix-up

• Making notes on your copy of reading.

• Making notes on your own copy or highlighting important words.

Outlining the text

• Locating the thesis statement, claims, and evidence, and then plotting these into an outline.

• Reconstructing ideas visually.

Summarizing the text

Getting the main points of the essay and important supporting details.

Questioning the text

Asking specific questions on points that you are skeptical about

Explicit Information

Ideas that are clearly stated, written and explained in the text

Implicit Information

Ideas that are implied/suggested but not stated outright in the text

Claims

• Central argument

• Thesis statement

• What the writer tries to prove in the text by providing details, explanations and other types of evidence.

Claims of Fact

• Quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic

• Usually answers ‘what’ questions

• The facts in these claims need to be proven as either absolutely or probably true in order to be acceptable to an audience.

Claims of Value

• Moral, philosophical, and aesthetic

• Aims at establishing whether the item being discussed is either good or bad, valuable or not valuable, desirable or not desirable.

Intertextuality

Modeling of a texts meaning by another text

Reading Digital Texts

• Be very clear about your purpose

• Remember an electronic text is nonlinear

• Assuring yourself of a trustworthy article. Check the URL.

Hypertext

• A nonlinear way of showing information.

• Jumping to more information about a topic.

• Just like hyperlink in PowerPoints.

Linear Process

Reading was viewed as a linear process where you can read from beginning until the end.

Context

• Surrounding information about a subject

• Social, cultural, political, historical, religious, and other related circumstances that influence the text

Hermeneutics

Interpretation of language, whether written or spoken