Rad Tech Exam 2

Affective

Behaviors, feelings, emotions, interests, attitudes, values, beliefs.

Cognitive

Knowledge, understanding, reason & judgement.

Psychomotor

Physical actions, neuromuscular manipulations and coordination.

Transfer of Learning

Learning in one context and applying that knowledge to another.

Didactic

informational and instructional activities that may occur in formal or informal settings, typically in the classroom, laboratory, or online

Learning Outcomes

program level measurable expectations for student learning

Purpose of clinical edcation

variety of clinical settings, competency based clinical education

Competency based clinical education

curriculum ASRT

Professional practice Standards ASRT

Competency Requirements ARRT

Education in Radiologic Sciences

education as a medical imaging professional that includes three areas of learning : cognitive, affective, and psychomotor

the ____ setting allows students integrate the knowledge gained from the _____ into clinical practice, working with patients

clinical, classroom

Didactic Instruction

–Occurs in formal settings, classroom, or online

–Provides students with the conceptual information

–Beginning phase of program

Laboratory Setting

–A bridge to connect didactic and clinic.

– Provides an opportunity for students to gain hands on skills

Clinical Experiences

–Enables students to transfer the learning from didactic and lab to real life situations with patients

–Learning continues in the clinical environment.

–Critical thinking develops in the clinical environment

–Permits one-on-one, direct patient contact

Performance objectives

–A description of an observable student behavior

Learning observed by way of competecies

–The observable, successful achievement of the performance objectives

learning outcomes

–Learner focused and identifies what the student should be able to achieve

Organization of Radiography programs

1. program director

2. clinical coordinator

3. clinical faculty instructor

4. clinical instructor

5. clinical staff

program director

–Organizes, administers and assesses the RADT program

–Responsible for both didactic and clinical effectiveness of program

clinical coordinator

Works closely with the PD, ensures program effectiveness, coordinates clinical facilities

clinical faculty instructor

–Schedules, coordinates and supervises each clinical course. Rotates through all clinical sites.

clinical instructor

–Works directly with the student assigned to the clinical setting.

–Must be competent in clinical instruction

clinical staff

–Employees at the clinical setting and provide  student supervision and guidance

competencies are in three classification

–Mandatory  (37)

–General Patient Care Competencies (10)

–Elective (15)

clinical competence must be performed

independently, consistently, and effectively.

demonstration of competence must include

•patient identity verification

•examination order verification;

•patient assessment;

•room preparation;

•patient management;

•equipment operation;

•technique selection;

•patient positioning;

•radiation safety;

•imaging processing; and

•image evaluation.

direct supervision

–Radiographer reviews exam request

–Evaluates the condition of the patient

–Be PHYSICALLY present during the procedure

–Review and approve the procedure and image

–

***All repeat procedures fall under   direct supervision

indirect supervision

–Radiographer reviews, evaluates and approves the procedure

–Only needs to be “immediately available” to assist student

–“immediately available”  is the radiographer in the adjacent room or location

student clinical development

■Competency based

■Designed in three phases

■Allows for the translation of theory into practice in a real-world setting

■Designed in accordance with the Standards for an Accredited Educational Program in Radiography

–JRCERT

affective

one of the three major categories or domains of learning: includes behaviors guided by feelings and emotions that are influenced by an individuals interest, attitudes, values and beliefs

assist

activities in clinical that aid or support the performance of radiographic procedures and therapeutic treatments

clinical

procedures and activities that occur in outpatient and inpatient healthcare settings

clinical coordinator

program official responsible for coordinating clinical education and evaluation of its effectiveness

clinical instructor

program official responsible for clinical instruction, supervision and evaluation of students in the clinical setting

clinical staff

healthcare professionals employed in the clinical setting where students participate in clinical education and provide clinical supervision and guidance

cognitive

one of the three major categories or domains of learning; includes various levels of thought, such as knowledge, understanding, reason, and judgement

Comptency

observable and document successful achievement of performance objectives

didactic

informational and instructional activities that may occur in formal or informal settings, typically, in the classroom, laboratory, or online

direct supervision

oversight of clinical procedures or treatment by a qualified professional present in the exam or treatment room with the student

indirect supervision

oversight of clinical procedures by a qualified professional immediately available to the student

interprofessional education IPE

an approach to teaching students and healthcare workers where students or members of two or more professions learn with, from, and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of patient care

learning outcomes

program level measurable expectations for student learning

objectives

topical concise descriptions of an observable behavior to be achieved by students as a result of their educational experiences within a course or educational module

observe

activities in clinical where students watch and listen to the performance of radiographic procedures and therapeutic treatments

program director

program official that provides leadership or the program and ensures program effectiviness

perform

activities in clinical where students complete radiographic procedures and therapeutic treatments with appropriate supervision of a qualified professional

psychomotor

one of the three major categories or domains of learning; includes behaviors involving physical actions, neuromuscular manipulation and coordination

SBAR (situation-background-assessment-recommendation)

a communication method used to assure effective handoff of patients from one healthcare worker to another

TeamSTEPPS ( team strategies and tools to enhance performance and patient safety)

An evidence based teamwork system that is used in many healthcare institutions to improve that quality, safety, and efficiency of healthcare

Transfer of learning

learning in one context and applying it to another

Adverse Drug Events (ADEs)

Injuries, large or small, caused by the use (including nonuse) of a drug; can be as harmless as a drug rash or as serious as death from an overdose; the two types of ADEs are those caused by errors and those that occur despite proper use

American College of Radiology

(ACR)

A professional medical society that has accredited more than 39,000 facilities in 10 imaging modalities to assist organizations in meeting governmental and third-party payer criteria; provides practice guidelines to improve patient safety practices in radiology services

American Healthcare Radiology

Administrators (AHRA)

A professional organization representing medical imaging management at all levels; manages the certified radiology administrator (CRA) credentialing process

Board of Directors or Governing

Board

Group of people authorized by law to conduct, maintain, and operate a hospital for the benefit of the public and whose legal and moral responsibility for policies and operations of the hospital are not for personal benefit of the members

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)

Federal agency that administers the Medicare program and partners with states to administer Medicaid

Certificate of Need (CON)

Certificate approved by a local (state) review board permitting hospitals to construct new or additional facilities, open new services, or make large purchases—a condition required for reimbursement by Medicare

Certified Radiology Administrator

(CRA)

Professional who has demonstrated skill and knowledge in asset management, financial management, operations management, human resource management, and communication and information management in radiology

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Person appointed by the board of directors who has full accountability for the entire hospital or healthcare organization

Clinical Support Services

Services providing the components of patient care that collectively support the physician's plan for diagnoses and treatments

Continuous Quality Improvement

(CQI)

System of development in the workplace for daily improving performance at every level in every operational process by focusing on meeting or exceeding customer expectations

Department

Unit of the hospital with specific functions or specialized skills such as housekeeping, surgery, radiology, or accounting

Department Chair

Physician who represents a department or service and sits as a formal member of the executive medical staff committee; responsible for all of the medical operations of a hospital department and may also oversee a residency training program

Human Resources

Department

Ancillary department of the hospital responsible for recruiting, selecting, supporting, and compensating employees; developing and maintaining skills, quality, and motivation; collective bargaining; and occupational health and safety

The Joint Commission

(TJC)

Independent not-for-profit organization that evaluates and accredits more than 22,000 healthcare organizations and programs in the United States and is the nation's primary standard-setting and accrediting body in healthcare;

TJC standards focus on improving the quality and safety of patient care provided by healthcare organizations

Mammography Quality Standards Act and Program (MQSA)

Establishes

mammography program to ensure that all women have access to quality services; regulations developed by the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and the National

Mammography Quality Assurance

Advisory Committee

Medical Director Physician

responsible for the medical operation and quality of a hospital department or service; also responsible for providing input regarding policies and procedures and day-to-day operations of the department

Medical Error

Failure to complete a planned action as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim; can be related to an incorrect diagnosis, equipment failure, infection, or a misinterpretation of an order

Medical Staff

Formal organization of physicians authorized to admit and attend to patients within a hospital; have authorized privileges, bylaws, elected officers, and various committees and activities (see Medical Director, Department Chair, and Service Chief)

Mission Statement

Statement of an organization that summarizes its intent to provide service in terms of the services it offers, the intended recipients of services, and a description of the level of cost

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Federal agency that enforces standards for safety in the workplace, conducts inspections, and directs determination of fines for noncompliance with policies and regulations

Performance Improvement

(PI)

Process of identifying and analyzing important organizational and individual performance gaps, planning for future performance improvement, designing and developing cost-effective and ethically justifiable interventions to close performance gaps, implementing the interventions, and evaluating the financial and nonfinancial results

Radiology (Medical Imaging)

Department

Organization of a hospital or medical clinic that provides diagnostic imaging through medical technologies such as x-ray examination, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, interventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, nuclear medicine, and ultrasonography

Service Chief

Physician responsible for overseeing a component or subdepartment of a hospital service-for example, a radiologist who is chief of the nuclear medicine service

Third-Party Payers

Insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid, and other commercial companies that are the payers of inpatient and outpatient medical expenses for the patient

Total Quality Management

(TQM)

Management of quality in the workplace from a perspective of total involvement of every employee, with a strong focus on process measurement and control

three phases of clinical learning

observation, assistance, performance

observation

–Initial stage of clinical education

–As clinical situations are new to student

–After gaining knowledge in didactic and laboratory setting

–Watch and learn

assistance

–Student Aids and supports technologist

–Hands on experience

–Interacts and positions patient and equipment

performance

–Performs entire procedure independently and under appropriate Supervision

clinical assesement

Student’s ability to perform in the clinical setting is assessed during each clinical rotation.

Student receives feedback and constructive criticism from both faculty clinical instructor and clinical instructors at the clinical site

student asses on _____ during clinical assessment

■Assessing the request

■Preparing room for exam

■Caring for the needs of patient

■Communicating with the patient

■Performing the procedure

■Providing radiation protection

■Manipulating exposure factors

■Evaluating the radiographic image

■Manipulating specializing equipment

■Appropriate discharging the patient

student’s ____ behavior is also assessed during each clinical rotation

affective:

■Ability to communicate effectively with staff and patients

■Perceive patient needs

■Display maturity and confidence

■Follow through with clinical responsibilies

major clincal education policies

■Professional Ethics

■Practice Standards

■Radiation safety

■Pregnancy

■Attendance and Tardiness

■Professional Appearance and behavior

■Drug and Alcohol

■Infection Control

■Nondiscrimination

■Social Media

■HIPAA/Pt Confidentiality

TeamSTEPPS

■Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety

■Evidence based teamwork system used in health care institutions to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of healhcare.

■Creates highly effective teams to assure best patient outcomes.

5 key principles of TeamSTEPPS

–Team structure

–Communication

–Leadership

–Situation Monitoring

–Mutual Support

SBAR

situation, background, assessmet, and recommendation

•Communication method used to assure an effective handoff of patients from one health care worker to another.

Hospitals

Have a direct relationship to the community in which they are located. The relationship should be supportive and beneficial for both parties

hospital environment

žHospitals are like “communities within communities.”

žHospitals serve a community need.

žHospitals are staffed by various types of workers.

hospital mission

žThe hospital Mission Statement defines the purpose of the hospital’s existence and provides guidance in its community service.

žAll hospital staff are committed to accomplishment of the Mission.

žHospital directives and projects support the Mission.

organizational structure

žGovernance of a hospital begins with the board of directors or governing board.

žThe President or Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is accountable to the hospital board.

žThe hospital divisions and departments are accountable to the CEO.

medical imaging

žPlays a critically important role in hospital operations and success

žWorks closely with other departments to provide patient care and revenue for the hospital

health care trends and hospitals

žHospitals are more horizontal in organizational structure.

žReimbursement shifts from inpatients to outpatients.

žStrong emphasis on use of services

žDeclining reimbursements from government programs

žFocus for reimbursement will shift to patient experience quality measures.

Newer organizational designs reflect

the interrelationship among medical departments with common patient care experiences.

radiology organization

žVaries depending on size and scope

žOften consists of subdepartments

žRequires support services

žLed by Administrative Director

administrative director of radiology

žTypically reports directly to upper hospital administration

žRequires strong business management skills

žNot necessarily a radiologic technologist

žWorks closely with Medical Director of Radiology

medical director

žTypically a physician

žPrinciple responsibility is for overseeing the quality of patient care

žWorks closely with Administrative Director

žMay also serve as Department Chair

role of the radiographer

žPerform radiographic examinations

žPerform patient care and assessment

žAdhere to radiation protection guidelines

žFollow practice standards

žAssist the Radiologist

responsibilities of the health care facility

žCare for all patients regardless of their   condition

žPromote health

žPrevent illness

žEducation

žResearch

changing health care trends have created non-tradiontal health care settings like:

žClinics

žOutpatient Imaging Centers

žFreestanding Imaging Centers

žMobile Imaging Services

žOutpatient Surgery Centers

žUrgent Care Centers

clinics

Typically have physicians and a range of imaging modalities and laboratory services

physician offices

Similar to a clinic and usually serve as a home base for a physician’s practice. They may offer imaging in their office