Properties of Solutions

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts and terms related to the properties and behaviors of solutions.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more components where the solute is uniformly dispersed throughout the solvent.

Entropy

A measure of randomness or disorder in a system, which increases during the mixing of gases.

Intermolecular Forces (IMF)

Forces that mediate interaction between molecules, including dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonds, and ion-dipole.

Solvation

The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules; in the case of ionic substances, also referred to as hydration when water is the solvent.

Enthalpy Change (ΔH)

The heat change associated with the dissolution process, which can be positive (endothermic) or negative (exothermic).

Dynamic Equilibrium

The state reached when the forward and reverse rates of dissolution and crystallization are equal, resulting in a saturated solution.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more solute than is needed to saturate at a given temperature.

Henry's Law

A law stating that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid.

Miscible

Liquids that mix in all proportions, demonstrating good solute-solvent interactions.

Immiscible

Liquids that do not mix, which typically indicates weak solute-solvent interactions.

Factors Affecting Solubility

Include solute-solvent interactions, temperature, and pressure.

Like Dissolves Like

The principle that polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.