Intergroup conflict studies

Adorno et al (1950)

Siegel and Siegel (1957)

Pettigrew (1958)

• Tested this (authoritarianism) in cross cultural comparison

• Found white people from SA and southern US significantly more racist than northern US though didn't differ in how authoritarian their personalities are

• Personality can predispose but culture of prejudice that embodies societal norms legitimising prejudice is necessary and sufficient

Piff (2012)

• Seven studies using experimental and naturalistic methods reveal that upper-class individuals behave more unethically than lowerclass individuals.

• In studies 1 and 2, upper-class individuals were more likely to break the law while driving, relative to lower-class individuals. In follow-up laboratory studies, upper-class individuals were more likely to exhibit unethical decision-making tendencies (study 3), take valued goods from others (study 4), lie in a negotiation (study 5), cheat to increase their chances of winning a prize (study 6), and endorse unethical behavior at work (study 7) than were lowerclass individuals.

• Mediator and moderator data demonstrated that upper-class individuals’ unethical tendencies are accounted for, in part, by their more favorable attitudes toward greed.

Unsure where this would slot in - maybe social dominance theory?

Tyerman and Spencer (1983)

• replicated Sherif with a scout group in the UK

• no increase in ingroup solidarity nor intergroup conflict

• subordinate membership is scouting as a whole

• mere existence of separately acting, competing groups is not a sufficient condition to produce intergroup conflict and to heighten in-group solidarity

Kerr and Hogg (2018)

• investigated why some had replicated Tajfel and some hadn’t by analysing methodological differences and their impacts

• example differences included

  • whether they were socially isolated or not when being categorised and during task looking at identification within group

  • written vs verbal instructions

• shows how important method is but could also suggest the findings are easily not found from small changes and so is it that valid???

Brewer (1999)

• ingroup favouritsm doesn’t necessarily lead to outgroup hostility

• prejudice may come from favouritism towards own group rather than a dislike or conflict with others

  • unless someting like competition arises

• review of research

Kinzler and Spelke (2011)

• In Experiment 1, 10-month-old infants took toys equally from own- and other-race individuals.

• In Experiment 2, 2.5-year-old children gave toys equally to own- and other-race individuals

• Experiment 3, 5-year-old children, in contrast, expressed explicit social preferences for own-race individual