socialisation, culture and identity- key terms

Norm

• Action or behaviour which society believes is an acceptable way to behave.

• relative to culture and time

• e.g.-gender norms in the family, manners

  Func (Durkheim) prevents anomie

Value

Ideas and beliefs about what society views as important.

• influences right and wrong

• relative and universal

• e.g- not lie, respecting privacy

• Func- value consensus

Primary Socialisation

• the teaching of norms and values by the agencies of the family

• e.g.- gender socialisation, manners

• relative to differences

• families and cultural beliefs

Secondary Socialisation

• teaching of norms and values by secondary agencies- education, media etc.

• e.g.- education-teaches hierarchy and punctuality to follow in the workplace

• media- reinforces gender stereotypes (Gauntlett)

Formal Social Control

• Group of people who ensure that individuals follow laws and rules in society.

• e.g.- police- punish for crimes, judiciary system- enforce the law to sentence.

• func- prevents anomie

Informal Social Control

• Group of people that stop you from breaking norms and values of society.

• use sanctions and rewards

• e.g.- family- ground for misbehaviour, education- detention for not following school expectations, rewarded for good behaviour.

• Althusser- Ideological State Apparatus, reinforces capitilist society.

Nature

• biological qualities we are born with

• e.g.- physical features, disabilities- born with them.

Nurture

• Environment and agencies of socialisation influence who we are

• e.g.- gender, feral children

Identity

• how you see yourself and how others view you.

• e.g.- gender, class

Culture

• A way of life for a group of people

• makeup culture- language, dress, food, religion, music

• e.g.- high, popular culture

High Culture

• A way of life for the higher class

• e.g.- theatre, private school

• Bourdeui- 3 capitals

Popular Culture

• A way of life that is accessible to all.

• e.g- social media, high street brands- imitates high

• inclusive and takes inspiration from all cultures but includes e.g. fake designer brands

Global Culture

• Norms and values that cross national boundaries. World is smaller- media and migration

• McLuhan- ‘global village’, Ritzer- McDonaldisation

Cultural Hybridity

• when a mix of cultures makes one identify culture.

• e.g Muslim Women- (Butler) traditional and modern values, Nayak- White Wannabes

Cultural Diversity

• many cultures and groups, that live alongside eachother.

• e.g.- communial diversion- Southall, shops

Consumer Culture

• A way of life that consists of buying and spending.

• influenced and heightened by the media. Benefit Bourgeosie

• e.g.- online shopping- made easier, shopping is seen as a leisure activity (Lury)

• growth of consumerism

Subculture

• smaller groups within larger groups that have their norms and values, which are different to wider society.

• e.g- Anti School Subcultures (Willis- ‘The Lads’) myth of meritocracy, Chavs- immediate gratification (Preston)