Studied by 3 people
rip all US history students
Progressive Movement
aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life
Theodore Roosevelt
26th President of the United States
Samuel GOMPERS
leader of the American Federation of Labor
Goals of Progressivism
protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, fostering efficiency
William McKinley
25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist
FTC
Federal Trade Commission
Social Gospel
A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation.
Leon Czolgosz
assassinated McKinley
Underwood Act
Reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the first regular federal income tax.
YMCA
Young Men's Christian Association
Square Deal
Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers
16th Amendment
Allows the federal government to collect income tax
Florence Kelley
An advocate for improving the lives of women and children. (Social Welfare). She was appointed chief inspector of factories in Illinois. She helped win passage of the Illinois factory act in 1893 which prohibited child labor and limited women's working hours.
Northern Securities Case
Roosevelt's legal attack on the Northern Securities Company, which was a railroad holding company owned by James Hill and J.P. Morgan. In the end, the company was "trust-busted" and paved the way for future trust-busts of bad trusts.
Progressive Tax
A tax for which the percentage of income paid in taxes increases as income increases
Prohibition
A total ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol
Pa. Coal Strike
140,000 coal miners went on strike, wanted 20% raise and 9 hr work day
Federal Reserve Act
a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply
WCTU
(Women's Christian Temperance Union) group organized in 1874 that worked to ban the sale of liquor in the U.S.
Interstate Commerce Commission
a former independent federal agency that supervised and set rates for carriers that transported goods and people between states
NAWSA Tactics
Painstaking organization; close ties between local, state, and national workers; establishing a wide base of support; cautious lobbying; gracious, ladylike behavior
Anti-Saloon League
National organization set up in 1895 to work for prohibition. Later joined with the WCTU to publicize the effects of drinking.
Elkins Act
1903 law that forced railroads charge the same prices to all their customers
19th Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
Eugene Debs
led the Pullman strike and founded the American Railway Union
Hepburn Act
1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines
Muckrakers
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
Meat Inspection Act
Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.
Queen Liliuokalani
the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests
Ida Tarbell
Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company's abuse of power
Pure Food/Drug Act
Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling
John L. Stevens
the man behind the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani and the start of Amrican imperialism of Hawaii
Scientific Management
the application of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace
John Muir
(1838-1914) Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state. He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California.
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Henry Ford
United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947).
TR and Gifford Pinchot
TR named gifford pinchot head of the US forest service
Fuel for Imperialism
Desire for military strength
Thirst for new markets
Belief in cultural superiority
Galveston/Commission Plan
after a flood in Galveston Texas, was formed, had a 5 member commission of experts to help
Conservation
Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment
Alfred T. Mahan
wrote the influence of sea power upon history, urged for a large navy
Robert La Follette
The most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912
Newlands Act
Congressional response to Theodore Roosevelt in 1902. Washington was to collect money from sales of public lands in western states and use funds for development of irrigation projects
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
Keating-Owen Act
Prohibited the sale of interstate commerce goods produced by children
Booker T. Washington
African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.
William Seward/Folly
Bought Alaska, was called stupid for it, Seward's Folly
Muller v. Oregon
1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health
W.E.B. du Boise
Black leader, founding member of NAACP; known for criticizing Booker T. Washington
McKinley Tariff
1890 tariff that raised protective tariff levels by nearly 50%, making them the highest tariffs on imports in the United States history
Secret Ballot
Anonymous voting method that helps to make elections fair and honest
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Pearl Harbor
Built in Hawaii, refueling station for ships
Initiative
Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters.
Sanford B. Dole
American businessman who became president of the new government of Hawaii after the queen was pushed out
Referendum
A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.
Lincoln Steffens
Early muckraker who exposed the political corruption in many American cities
Annexation of Hawaii
U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free, Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her in 1893, William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898
Recall
procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office
William Howard Taft
27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.
Jose Marti
Cuban poet and journalist who organized a guerilla revolution against Spain in 1895- "Cuba Libre" free Cuba was his battle cry-and sought US support and intervention.
Primary System
Allows people to nominate their party's candidate for the general election
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
a compromise that only moderated the high rates of the Aldrich Bill
Valeriano Weyler
General sent by Spain to stop Cuban revolt, referred to as the "Butcher" because of harsh tactics "concentration camps, shooting civilian, ect.)
17th Amendment
Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)
Richard Ballinger
Secretary of the interior that tried to make nearly a million acres of public forests and mineral reserves available for private development
Hearst/Pulitzer
rival newspapers who become involved in demanding the US intervene in Cuba; both exaggerating stories to increase circulation
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
(1911) 146 women killed while locked into the burning building (brought attention to poor working conditions)
Pinchot v. Ballinger
Ballinger allowed private companies to destroy reserved lands. Pinchot attacked him for it. Ballinger resigned and Pinchot was fired by Tafft. This contributed to the splitting of the Rep. party, causing Taft to lose in 1912 and break friendship between him and Roosevelt.
Yellow Journalism
type of sensational, biased, and often false reporting for the sake of attracting readers
NACW
National Association of Colored Women; founded in 1896 to improve living and working conditions for African-American women
New Nationalism
President Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the government's trust-busting power
de Lome Letter
Written by the Spanish minister in Washington, Dupuy de Lôme, it was stolen from the mail and delivered to Hearst. He had called McKinley weak and bitter. It was played up by the yellow journalists.
Susan B. Anthony
social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation
Bull Moose Party
nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912
U.S.S. Maine
American battleship that exploded and caused the Spanish American war
Suffrage
worked for women's right to vote
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
Spanish American War
In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
NAWSA
National American Woman Suffrage Association; founded in 1890 to help women win the right to vote
1912 Election
4 candidates (Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, Debs), Progressive Party (Roosevelt) took votes from Republican (Taft) allowing Democrats (Wilson) to win, big influence of Progressive ideas
George Dewey
U.S. naval officer who defeated the Spanish fleet during the Spanish-American War
Upton Sinclair
Wrote "The Jungle"
Carrie Chapman Catt
(1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Filipino who was lead both the Phillipine revolution against Spain and then the United States
The Jungle
This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
Clayton Antitrust Act
1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act
Rough Riders
Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War
Kettle Hill
first part of the Cuba land battle took place near this location. Featured a dramatic uphill charge by Rough Riders and two African-American regiments. The victory cleared the way for the infantry attack on San Juan Hill
Zimmerman Note
Written by Arthur Zimmerman, a german foreign secretary. In this note he had secretly proposed a German- Mexican alliance. He tempted Mexico with the ideas of recovering Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The note was intercepted on March 1, 1917 by the U.S. government. This was a major factor that led us into WWI.
San Juan Hill
Site of the most famous battle of the Spanish-American war, where Theodore Roosevelt successfully leads the Rough Riders in a charge against the Spanish trenches
Jeanette Rankin
First woman to serve in Congress. Suffragist and pacifist, voted against US involvement in WWI
Russian Revolution
The revolution against the Tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917.
John Haayyyyyy
Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Eddie Rickenbacker
"ace" pilot who downed 26 enemy fighters in WWI (aka snoopy)
Treaty of Paris
(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain.
"Red Baron"
Manfred von Richthofen had 80 kills and one of the most famous aces. German ace.
Foraker Act
This act established Puerto Rico as an unorganized U.S. territory. Puerto Ricans were not given U.S. citizenship, but the U.S. president appointed the island's governor and governing council.
Militarism
A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war
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