unit 3 vocab APAH

maytr

A martyr is someone that suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external party

Ambulatory

A passageway around the apse or altar of a church

Apse

The endpoint of a church where the altar is located

Atrium (plural: atria)

The formal entrance hall of an ancient Roman house, open to the sky at the center and usually featuring a pool for the collection of rain water

Basilica

a longitudinal building with an apse at one of the short ends; occasionally the apse is at the long end at both short ends

Catacomb

An underground passageway used for burial

Central-plan

a plan in which the parts of a building radiate from a central point

Longitudinal

A church with a long nave whose focus is the apse, so-called because it is designed along an axis

Old testament

The Old Testament is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew writings by the Israelites. The second division of Christian Bibles is the New Testament, written in Greek

New testament

The New Testament is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity

nimbus

radiant circle or disk surrounding the head of a holy person, a representation of spiritual character through the symbolism of light; also called a halo

orant

a figure in a posture of prayer, usually standing upright with raised arms

icon

a person, symbol, image or picture that is widely admired for its conspicuous feature or allegiance. mostly refers to a religious painting (usually Jesus Christ or another holy/ religious figure)

iconoclast

a person who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions

iconoclasm

the action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs and institutions or established values and practices

iconophile

those who supported the use of religious images

tesserae

a small block of stone, tile, glass, or other material used in the construction of a mosaic

pathos

a quality that evokes pity or sadness. appeals to emotions

theocracy

Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities of some type are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the day-to-day affairs of the government

orthodox

conforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true; established and approved.; referring to a religion usually

Chi-Rho

a Christian monogram and symbol formed from the first two letters X and P of the Greek word for Christ

Edict of Milan

The Edict of Milan was the February 313 AD agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire

Diptych

A diptych is any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by hinge. For example, the standard notebook and school exercise book of the ancient world was a diptych consisting of a pair of such plates that contained a recessed space filled with wax.

Triptych

A triptych is a work of art that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works

Squinch

a straight or arched structure across an interior angle of a square tower to carry a superstructure such as a dome

Pendentive

a curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches

Heresy

belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine

theocrat

a person who rules, governs as a representative of God or a deity, or is a member of the ruling group in a theocracy, as a divine king or a high priest

revelations

The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: apokalypsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation". The Book of Revelation is the only apocalyptic book in the New Testament canon. It occupies a central place in Christian eschatology

Gospels

Gospel originally meant the Christian message, but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out.

Evangelists

a person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching

Muhammad

prophet of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the last in a long line of prophets that includes Moses and Jesus

Muslim

followers of Islam

Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of the God of Abraham as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main and final Islamic prophet

Quran

The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters, which consist of verses

Kaaba

The Kaaba, also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah, is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is the most sacred site in Islam

Allah

the one and only God in Islam

Shiite

an adherent of the Shia branch of Islam

Sunnis

the larger of the two main branches of Islam, which differs from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna, its conception of religious leadership, and its acceptance of the first three caliphs

Minaret

the tower from which the faithful are called to prayer five times each day by a muezzin, or crier, built into or adjacent to mosques

Arabesque

The arabesque is a form of artistic decoration consisting of "surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils" or plain lines, often combined with other elements.

Caligraphy

Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing. the art of writing

finial

A finial or hip-knob is an element marking the top or end of some object, often formed to be a decorative feature

muqarnas

ornamentation and transition element applied in Islamic architecture. The muqarnas, which is a transition and filling element that provides a three-dimensional image, is an architectural art element that fills the inner parts of the semi-domes with its honeycomb shape