Public Health Reviewer

WHO was established by constitution on \___ and commemorated as World Health Day.

April 7, 1984

A specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Public Health Protection and Environmental SanitationPurposes and Goals of Public Health Engineering

Public Health Protection and Environmental Sanitation

Arthropods or other invertebrates which transmit infection by inoculation or through the skin or mucous membrane

Vectors

Insects has a \____ segments, including a \____, \______, \_______, two \_____, three pair of \_______, and usually two sets of \______.

well-defined , head, thorax, abdomen, antennae, legs, wings.

Vectors transmit infection through the skin or mucous membrane by:

biting or by deposit of infective materials on the skin or on food or other objects.

Diseases are transmitted by vectors either:

Mechanically, Biologically

Basic Requirements in the Control of Vectors

1\.) Understanding of their way of life \n 2.)Understand the anatomy of the insect, its method \n of growth, the time it takes for the insect to grow from egg to adult, its habits, the stage of its life history in which it causes damage, its food, and its common living places. \n 3.) Identify correctly the specific insect involved because without this knowledge, it is impossible to prescribe a proper treatment.

Basic Methods in the Control of Insects and Rodents

Physical and Mechanical \n Chemical \n Biological \n Environmental \n Health Education Campaign

A method in the control of insects and rodents where mechanical devices or physical forces are used.

Physical and Mechanical

A method in the control of insects and rodents where chemicals are used since it is a rapid and effective means to reduce vector population density.

Chemical

Chemical method of the control of insects and rodents has two constraints, it includes:

Behavioral resistance and Insecticide persistence

A method in the control of insects and rodents that involves removal of breeding places and attractants.

Environmental

A method in the control of insects and rodents where it is essential to understand and appreciate the importance of control measures and therefore motivate them to change their habits, practices, and attitudes, which promote the survival and multiplication of pests.

Health Education Campaign

Scientific Name of Housefly

musca domestica

Adult housefly has/looks like:

• Large eyes \n • 2 wings \n • Small antennae (feelers) \n • 3 pairs of legs and fat body \n • 6 to 9 mm long (1/4 inch) \n • No biting mouthparts.

Life Cycle of Fly

Eggs --\> Larva --\> Pupa --\> Adult

A larva of a fly may become a pupa after how many days?

3 days or more

The adult fly \_____ and can mate after \___ hours.

hatches ; 15

Why are housefly harmful?

Acts as mechanical vector of many human disease

Most important breeding places of the housefly are:

* Human excreta
* Fresh horse manure
* Manure of other animals
* garbage

germs are carried on fly's

feet

flies land on \_____ and \_____

food and dishes

flies eat organisms in \_____, \______, and \______

feces, garbage, meat

flies leaves droppings on their

food

\____ contains organisms that cause disease

droppings

fly may then transmit \_____ bacteria to \____ from its \_____, \______, and from \______ and \______ and \______.

phatogenic, human food, mouth parts, by vomitus, its sticky foot pads, body, legs

\______ known to have been so transmitted are \______, \______, \______, and \_____, etc.

bacteria, typhoid fever, cholera, bacillary and amoebic dysentery

environmental control for flies

Elimination of food sources and

elimination of breeding places

\_____ and removal of \_____, \_____, \_____, \_____, etc. Such materials shall never be allowed to remain for more that \_____.

Cleaning, decaying vegetables, animal matter, garbage, manure piles, 4 days

mechanical and physical control for flies

Screens \n -Electric Fans \n -Other Physical Control Measures Such as Swatting Use of Fly Sticker, Flame Throwers, Flooding Of Breeding Grounds.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL for flies where female fly mate with sterile male whose pupa which expose to gamma rays from radioactive cobalt, large number of sterile eggs are produced. Released of sterile flies continued until the population falls to an extremely low level.

release of sterile flies

The \_____ compete with wild males to mate with the females. \_____ that mate with a sterile male produce \______, thus reducing the next generation's population

sterile males, females, produce no offspring

chemical control for flies

Residual spray,

space spraying,

larvicidal treatment

\_____ is a chemical control for flies where \_____ and \______ - economical and fast. Putting a very fine \_____ or \______ into areas where flies are abundant, for killing a large number of adults.

ultra low volume, thermal fog application, mist, aerosol

\_____ is a chemical control for flies where It is directed towards the elimination of breeding media of larval habitats.

larvicidal treatment

scientific name for cockroach

blattella germanica

cockroach can live 2 weeks without \_____

water

cockroach can live \_____ without food

3 weeks

cockroach eat almost anything including \_____, \_____, \_____, \_____, \_____, \_____, \_____, and \_____,

food, leather, glue, hair, paper, wallpaper, paste, and each other.

female cockroach lays about \____ eggs in an egg case

30-40

cockroach carries the egg case under her body within a

a day or two

The nymph comes from the egg in \____ days

2 or 3 days

The nymph grows and shred skin \____ times in \_____ days

5 to 7, 30-60

Adults cockroach mate \____ days after they are fully grown

7 to 10

The life cycle of a cockroach takes \___ months

2 to 3

WHY ARE COCKROACH HARMFUL?

They can carry organisms that cause disease.

They can take skin itch and eyelids swell.

They can spoil food

HABITS OF COCKROACH

They Are Active At Night \n -They Hide During The Day In The Kitchen And Furniture And Almost Everywhere \n -They Fit Narrow Spaces • They Live In Group \n -They Prefer Starchy Materials Such As Bakery Good, Cereals And Book Bindings But Will Also Feed Upon Leather, Wallpaper, And Dead Animals

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR COCKROACH

\-All areas must be kept clean \n -Frequent cleaning of the building will help remove the eggs \n -The building should always be in good repair. \n -All windows and doors should be tight-fitting

CHEMICAL CONTROL FOR COCKROACH

Use of insecticide

2 types of mosquitoes

Culex pipiens Quinquefasciatus (CPQ) and Aedes Aegypti (AA) (NILAGYAN KO LANG FOR OTHER TERMS)

A female Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus lays about \____ eggs

100-300

Eggs of Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus form a \_____ which floats on water

raft

Eggs of CPQ hatch in \___ days

1 to 2

Larva and pupa stages of CPQ take \___ days

8 to 10

It takes \___ days for CPQ to change from egg to adult

9-13

adult CPQ lives for \___ days

10-12

Female CPQ need \___ to lay eggs

blood

An AA eggs hatches on \___ minutes

10-20

Larva of AA lives in water for \___ days

7-9

AA becomes an adult on day \___

11

an AA egg can live for a year or more without \____

water

Why are Mosquitoes harmful?

They cause annoyance and discomfort to people. \n -They bite and make skin itch \n -They carry organism that cause disease

Habits of CULEX PIPIENS QUINQUEFASCIATUS

• ADULT MOSQUITOES ARE ACTIVE AT NIGHT \n • THEY REST DURING THE DAY IN AND AROUND THE HOUSE \n • THEY BITE ANYWHERE ON PEOPLE AND ANIMALS \n • THEY LAY EGGS IN WATERS

Habits of Aedes Aegypti

BITES ONLY IN THE DAYTIME OR BY ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AND ITS FAVORITE POINT OF ATTACK IS THE ANKLES \n • THE BITE AND SUCK BLOOD \n • A FEMALE BITES PEOPLE ON ANKLES, NECK, AND UNDER CLOTHING \n • THEY HIDE IN HOLES IN TREES AND IN DRAINAGE PIPES \n • THEY CARRY ORGANISMS THAT CAUSE DISEASES \n • LIVE NEAR WATER

Environmental Control for Mosquitoes

Source eliminations

Chemical Control for Mosquitoes

Space Spraying, Oils, Repellants

Biological Control for Mosquitoes

Iarvivorous fish eat mosquito larvae \n Dragonfly eat mosquito eggs, wriggles and tumblers \n Toads and frogs eat adult mosquitoes \n Lizard eat adult mosquitoes

MECHANICAL/PHYSICAL CONTROL FOR MOSQUITOES

Use netting or screens over windows, beds and especially cribs

Mouse have \___ chromosomes

20

Mouse have \___ feces

Small

Mouse have \____ head

Small and triangular

mouse have narrow with sharp \____

Muzzle

mouse's ears are \___

Large

life span of a mosue is \___ years

1.5 to 2.5

mouse has a \____ and \___ tail

small and skinny

mouse can dig about \____

1 foot

mouse has slightly bigger \____

eyes

characteristics of a mouse

• Have 20 chromosome \n • Small feces \n • Small, triangular head \n • Narrow with sharp muzzle \n • Ears are large \n • Life span is 1.5-2.5 years \n • Has a small and skinny tail \n • Can dig about 1 foot \n • Slightly bigger eyes

rat has \___ chromosomes pairs

21

rat has \___ feces

Larger

rat's head is \___, \___, \___, \____

short, stubby, broad, large relative to body

rat has large blunt with \___muzzle

wide

rat's ears are \___ relative to head

small

rat has life span average to \____ years

2-3

rat has \___ and \___ tail

big, thick

rat can dig \___ and \___ burrows

deep, long

rat has \___ eyes

small

scientific name of norway rats

Rattus norvegicus

Most common and largest of the domestic rats

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rats are also called

brown rats or sewer rat

burrowing animal

Norway rats

Life-cycle of norway rat

Attained its sexual maturity 3-5 months \n and the average gestation period is 22 days \n • Frequent range of travel is 100-150 ft. \n from their harborage \n • Length of life is about one year

Scientific name of roof rat

rattus rattus

roof rat is also known as \____, \____, \____, \____, \____, \____

black rat, climbing rat, ship rat, house rat, Alexandrine rat, old English rat.

Prefers hollow spaces in walls, or rubbish boxes, barrels, and other containers, attics, or upper stories and trees

rattus rattus

rattus rattus can climb \____, \____, \____, \___

pipes, ropes, wires, wooded uprights.

Less prolific than the brown rat, producing fewer rats per litter.

roof rat

scientific name of house mouse

Mus musculus

The smallest of the domestic rodents

mus muculus