oceans B

epipelagic

- photic

- 0-200m

mesopelagic

- known as the twilight zone, faint light

- 200-1000 m

bathypelagic

- midnight zone

- dark

- 1000-4000m

abyssopelagic

- dark

- high pressure

- 4000-6000m

hadalpelagic

- trenches

- > 6000m

oceans are _____ stratified from 500-1000 m

PERMANENTLY

intertidal

salt marshes and mangroves

continental shelf

coral reefs and seagrasses

continental slope

4% slope, goes down FAST

abyssal plain

vast and aphotic (70% of ocean floor)

hadalpelagic or trenches

chemoautotrophic communities

NPP in open ocean is

LOW

- very low on area basis

what makes oceanic NPP a significant factor in global carbon budget

HUGE area

what is the biotic community of the oceanic marine environment based on?

autochthonous carbon (produced in oceans itself)

what do shallow zones have significant input of from land?

allochthonous

what recaptures DOM released in grazing food chain?

efficient microbial loop

what is primary productivity in marine environments limited to?

regions where the availability of light and nutrients can support photosynthesis

light is

shallower waters of photic zone

shallow photic zones have

no floor, all dead things rain out of the surface layer

- once they pass the thermocline, nutrients are unavailable to algae in surface layer

how do nutrients get back up?

upwelling zones

NPP range of the ocean

50-300...average about 100

seasonal NPP patterns of tropical region in N hem

constant, low-moderate productivity

seasonal NPP patterns of polar region in N hem

upwelling zones, high nutrients, light limited in winter, production during late spring and summer months

seasonal NPP patterns of northern temperate region in N hem

spring bloom, smaller autumn bloom

energy input of photic zone

photosynthesis from phytoplankton and cyanobacteria

what are the exemptions to the energy input of photic zones?

- sargasso sea

- trenches

- novel community i

in the photic zone...

NPP is low and strongly nutrient limited

- usually not P

- N or Si

- sometimes Fe

why is fe in oceans?

- very low solubilty

- under aerobic conditions--> insoluable ppt w P (sinks)

where is fe?

high nutrient, low chlorophyll zones

can fe maybe counter global warming?

yes

DOM and POM detritus are _____ ___ than the living stuff

MUCH larger

- likely due to microbial loop

OC concentrations in oceans

- DOM: 1000x

- POM: 125x

- phytoplankton: 20x

- zooplankton: 2x

- fish: 0.02x

marine species are widely distributed, so _____ total number of species

lower

are phytoplankton highly variable spatially?

yes

langmuir circulation runs at a

small scale

eckman spiral runs at a

larger scale

strong cyclonic winds form

upwelling zones

flotsam

floating debris in oceans

- attracts various species

- trash areas may impact NPP estimates

the japanese 2011 earthquake and tsunami caused

huge raft of debris to come to US

- invertebrate species aboard

paradox of the plankton

- coined by hutchinson

- the coexistence of many species of phytoplankton, despite evidence of resource limitation

- if competition structures community, principle of competitive exclusion --> a few dominant species

solutions for P of P?

- small spatial and temporal scale disturbances

- sampling artifact...sampling at too large of a scale

- many species and multiple limiting factors cause chaotic loop of winners/losers