Order Phthiraptera

Phthiraptera

small to medium-sized, wingless insects with dorsoventrally flattened bodies and stout legs with strong claws

TRUE

Phthiraptera insects are obligate permanent ectoparasites of mammals and birds having **high** host specificity and most having preferred infestation sites.

T/F

Phthiraptera insects are obligate permanent ectoparasites of mammals and birds having low host specificity and most having preferred infestation sites.

FALSE

Both the **immature and adult stages** of Order Phthiraptera, both males and females, are parasitic.

T/F

Only the adult stage of Order Phthiraptera, both males and females, are parasitic.

FALSE

Infestation of Phthiraptera insects is mainly acquired by **direct contact or by contact with grooming objects**.

T/F

Infestation of Phthiraptera insects is mainly acquired by direct contact with another infected host. Simply being in contact with grooming objects will not make the animal susceptible to infestation.

TRUE

T/F

Most Phthiraptera species cannot survive prolonged periods off-host. Off-host survival is greater if recently fed and at low temperature and high humidity.

TRUE

T/F

In Order Phthiraptera, the adult genitalia is located in the terminal part of the abdomen. In females, it is accompanied by two finger-like gonopods which serve as guide in attaching eggs onto host hair or feather. In males, the pseudopenis called aedeagus, is extrusable, relatively large and conspicuous.

hemimetabolous

life cycle development of Order Phthiraptera

3

number of nymphal instars of Order Phthiraptera

Anoplura, Amblycera, Ischnocera, Rhynchophthirina

4 Suborders under Order Phthiraptera

Anoplura

Suborder/s referring to the sucking lice

Amblycera, Ischnocera, Rhynchophthirina

Suborder/s referring to the chewing lice formerly known as “Mallophaga”

2-10

Lice lay ____ eggs per day

4-15

Lice eggs hatch in ____ days.

nits

eggs of lice

3-8

Each instar of lice lasts for ____ days.

35 days

Lifespan of lice

prestomum

the anterior opening of the ventral pouch of sucking lice which bears teeth for securing the lice on host’s skin

TRUE

T/F

All the members of Suborder Anoplura are parasitic only to mammals.

5

The antennae of Suborder Anoplura have ____ segments and are visible on lateral sides of the head.

TRUE

T/F

The thoracic segments of Anoplura members are fused together.

9

Number of the abdominal segments of Suborder Anoplura members.

Haematopinidae, Linognathidae, Pedicinidae, Polyplacidae, Hoplopleuridae

Families of veterinary importance under Suborder Anoplura

crab

Each leg of Anoplura species bears a “____-like” claw, consisting of a single strong claw and the tibial spur from the distal ventral side of the tibia.

*Haematopinus*

large lice, 4-5 mm long (give the genera)

temporal angles or ocular points

prominent angular processes behind the antennae of *Haematopinus* spp.

FALSE

The eyes of *Haematopinus* spp. are absent.

T/F

The eyes of *Haematopinus* spp. are present.

*Haematopinus*

have broad thorax with dark and well-developed sternal plate (give the genera)

TRUE

T/F

*Haematopinus* spp. abdominal segments have paratergal plates laterally and one row of spines each.

FALSE

The legs of *Haematopinus* spp. are **equal** in size, each terminating in a large claw.

T/F

The legs of *Haematopinus* spp. are unequal in size, each terminating in a large claw.

TRUE

T/F

The tibial spur of *Haematopinus* spp. are prominent with tibial pad.

*Haematopinus suis*

the only louse of pigs (give the species name)

hog louse

common name of *Haematopinus suis*

folds of the neck and jowl, behind the ears

Where on a pig's body are hog lice most frequently found?

*Haematopinus asini*

horse sucking louse

head, neck, back, inner surface of upper legs

Where on a horse’s body are horse sucking lice most frequently found?

*Haematopinus eurysternus*

short-nosed cattle louse

top of the neck, poll, dewlap, brisket

Where on a cattle’s body are short-nosed cattle lice most frequently found?

*Haematopinus quadripertusus*

cattle tail louse

buffalo louse

common name of *Haematopinus tuberculatus*

FALSE

The eyes and temporal angles of *Linognathus* spp. are **absent**.

T/F

The eyes and temporal angles of *Linognathus* spp. are present.

TRUE

T/F

The thoracic sternal plate of *Linognathus* spp. are weak or absent.

TRUE

T/F

Most species of *Linognathus* affect ungulates.

FALSE

*Linognathus* spp. have numerous hairs but **no lateral paratergal plates** on their abdominal segments.

T/F

*Linognathus* spp. have numerous hairs and lateral paratergal plates on their abdominal segments.

TRUE

T/F

The second and third pair of legs of *Linognathus* spp. are larger than the first and end in stout claws.

*Linognathus vituli*

long-nosed cattle louse

shoulders, neck, rump

Where on the host’s body are *Linognathus vituli* most frequently found?

African blue louse

common name of *L. africanus*

sheep and goats

host/s of *L. africanus*

*Linognathus stenopsis*

goat sucking louse

sheep

host/s of *Linongnathus ovillus*

face and body

Where on the host’s body are *Linognathus ovillus* most frequently found?

*Linognathus pedalis*

foot louse

sheep

host/s of *Linognathus pedalis*

*Linognathus setosus*

sucking louse of dogs and foxes

dogs and foxes

host/s of *L. setosus*

*Solenopotes capillatus*

little blue cattle louse or capillate cattle louse

*Solenopotes capillatus*

smallest sucking louse of cattle

muzzle, dewlap, shoulders, back, tail

Where in the host’s body are *Solenopotes capillatus* usually located?

FALSE

The differences of *Solenopotes capillatus* from *Linognathus* are the presence of only **1 row** **of setae** per abdominal segment, a sternal plate at least half as wide as it is long, and the **presence** **of protuberant abdominal spiracles**.

T/F

The differences of *Solenopotes capillatus* from *Linognathus* are the presence of 2 rows of setae per abdominal segment, a sternal plate at least half as wide as it is long, and the absence of protuberant abdominal spiracles.

*Polyplax* spp.

genus that cause problems in laboratory rodents

*Polyplax spinulosa*

species that infests lab rats

*Polyplax serrata*

species that infests lab mice

*Pedicinus*

sucking lice that occur in old world primates

*Hoplopleura* spp.

sucking lice that occur in house mice and domestic rats

*Haemodipsus ventricosis*

sucking lice that infest rabbits

*Pediculus*

genus of human lice

*Pediculus humanus capitis*

human head louse

*Pediculus humanus humanus*

human body louse

TRUE

T/F

*Pediculus* spp. have legs that are equal in size and claws that are slender.

*Phthirus pubis*

human pubic louse; crab louse

FALSE

The 1st pair of leg of *Phthirus pubis* are **shorter** than the other pairs.

The 1st pair of leg of *Phthirus pubis* are longer than the other pairs. p

pubic and perianal regions, armpits, mustache, beard

Where in the host’s body are *Phthirus pubis* usually found?

*Phthirus pubis*

referred to as *papillon d’ amour,* French for “butterfly of love”.

FALSE

Chewing lice are only ectoparasites of both **mammals and birds.**

T/F

Chewing lice are only ectoparasites of birds. They do not affect humans.

2

number of visible segments of chewing louse’s thorax

FALSE

The mouthparts of chewing lice are ventrally located, designed for **biting** and chewing.

T/F

The mouthparts of chewing lice are ventrally located, designed for piercing and chewing.

TRUE

T/F

Adult chewing lice feed on skin and its derivatives such as keratin, hair, fur or feathers. They may also ingest blood exuding from scratches in the skin.

FALSE

The legs of chewing lice are weak and slender, with **1 claw** in species affecting mammals and **2 claws** in species affecting birds.

T/F

The legs of chewing lice are weak and slender, with 2 claws in species affecting mammals and 1 claw in species affecting birds.

TRUE

T/F

Chewing lice are relatively smaller than anopluran lice (1-4 mm).

Trichodectidae

family of veterinary importance under Suborder Ischnocera that affects mammals

Philopteridae

family of veterinary importance under Suborder Ischnocera that affects birds.

FALSE

The mouthparts of Ischnocera species are designed for **chewing**, composed of a labrum, a pair of mandibles and a pair of maxillae attached laterally to the labium.

T/F

The mouthparts of Ischnocera species are designed for sucking, composed of a labrum, a pair of mandibles and a pair of maxillae attached laterally to the labium.

TRUE

T/F

The mandibles of Ischnocera members lie at right angles to the head and cut vertically.

FALSE

The maxillary palps of Ischnocera members are **absent.**

T/F

The maxillary palps of Ischnocera members are present**.**

TRUE

T/F

Species under Suborder Ischnocera have broad and rounded head with filiform antennae having 2-5 segments not hidden in grooves.

*Bovicola*

*Damalinia* is also known as?

3

number of antennal segments of *Damalinia* spp.

*Damalinia equi*

occurs in the head, mane, base of tail and shoulder of horses; eggs are deposited on fine hairs.

*Damalinia ovis*

body louse of sheep; one of the smallest mammalian louse

head, mane, base of tail, shoulder

*Damalinia equi* is usually found on what part of the host’s body?

shoulder, neck, back

*Damalinia ovis* is usually found on what part of the host’s body?

*Damalinia limbata*

Angora goat biting louse; head is flattened or slightly concave anteriorly

*Damalinia carpae*

goat biting louse; preferring the lumbar area and back of short-haired goats

neck, withers, shoulders, base of tail

*Damalinia bovis* is usually found on what part of a cattle’s body?

*Felicola subrostrata*

the only louse of cats

TRUE

T/F

*Felicola subrostrata*’s abdomen only has three pairs of spiracles and only few setae.

face, back, pinnae

*Felicocla subrostra* infestation commonly occurs on what part of the host’s body?

3

*Felicola subrostrata* antennae have ___ segments that are fully exposed.

triangular with pointed anterior

shape of the head of *Felicola subrostrata*

*Trichodectes canis*

chewing louse of dogs