PSY 341 Chapter 17 Key Terms

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14 Terms

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attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

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augmentative communication system

a method for enhancing the communication skills of people with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or cerebral palsy by teaching them to point to pictures, symbols, letters, or words on a communication board or computer

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autism spectrum disorder

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

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conduct disorder

a persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations

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Down syndrome

a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

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fetal alcohol syndrome

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking

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intellectual disability (ID)

A diagnosis received when one achieves a significantly below-average score on a test of intelligence and by limitations in the ability to function in areas of daily life.

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intelligence quotient (IQ)

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100

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joint attention

the ability to focus on what another person is focused on

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oppositional defiant disorder

a childhood disorder in which children are repeatedly argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and in some cases, vindictive

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parent management training

a treatment approach for conduct disorder in which therapists combine family and cognitive-behavioral interventions to help improve family functioning and help parents deal with their children more effectively

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selective mutism

developmental disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations

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separation anxiety disorder

Excessive, enduring fear in some children that harm will come to them or their parents while they are apart

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theory of mind

an awareness that other people's behavior may be influenced by beliefs, desires, and emotions that differ from one's own