PSYC 360 L3: DIagnosis and classification

we classify disorders to

• facilitate communication

• simplify science

• simplify clinical work

• humans think categorically

dangers associated with classification

• stigma: mania depression gave stigmitization of insanity so have changed

• alters clients perception of his situation: weaponized incompetence v. solution

• loss of info: wider distribution/imposed categorization = loss of info

koro- name reflects culture categorically

categories can be racist

categories have political power that can be marginalized in society like borderline personality disorder can overpathologize traits associated with feminine role

categoires can emphasize some feature more relevant in some groups than others

social phobia

• asia= if i speak i will offend others

• europe= ppl wont like me if i speak

GAD for african americans= more physical symtoms like hand trembling while in europe its mroe mental like worrying

2 systems used to classify/categorize psychopathology

• DSM- diagnostic stastical manual - APA

• ICD- internationla categorization of disease- UN

DSM I-IIL 1930-1950

• organized by freudian theory and not imperically driven- THEORETICAL + FREUD

• categorized in 2 ways

  • neuroses

    • when structures conflict resulting in anxiety interfering with life

  • psychosis

    • when conflict between structure looses touch with relaity

  • in between= on the border

DSM III- 1980s

Neo-kraepelinian view

• based on careful CLINCLAL OBSERVATION + NEO-K

• each disorder unique

• same symptoms= simlar dosprder

Freudian view - psychodynamic

states id, ego, super ego are built in and when conflicting= fundamental to personality

Neo-k view

disorders are diseases- imposed on individuals

DSM III/IV 1990s

Multiaxial system as solution for freud v. neo-k

• had 5 axis

DSM III/IV axis 1

neok - disorder

• accute mental illness

• all diagnosis with exception of personality disorder/ mental retardation

DSM III/IV axis II

freudian- personality

• chronic, long standing psychopathology from personal functioning difficulties

main difference of DSM IV

introduction of clinical significance criterion

DSM 5

neo-kraepelinian rewrite dsm

• replaced by SINGULAR AXIS (no multi-axial system) based on ETIOLOGY

• because disorders have same cateogry in other dsm, they were moved

EX: ocd no longer under anxiety but under its own category