EEB phylogeny
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33 Terms
chapter one
variation under domestication: common ancestry, everything is related
chapter two
variation under nature
chapter three
struggle for existence — survival of the fittest
chapter four
natural selection/mechanism of change
chapter 5
laws of variation: darwin got wrong, said gemmules
chpaters 6-9
potential issues with his idea: transitional forms and sterile species
chapter 10-13
additional evidence
monophyletic
taxonomic group consisting of all descendents of a MRCA
paraphyletic
a group that does not contain all of the descendents of the group’s MRCA
polypyletic
a disjointed group of descendents, shared traits not in MRCA
polytomy
a node with more than 2 descendent branches
homoplasy
independent evolution shared trait not in MRCA
synapomorphy
not ancestral shared derived trait present in TWO or more taxa which came from a MRCA
plesiomorphy
an ancestral trait in a clade
symplesiomorphy
an ancestral trait in two or more clades
polygenic trait
single phenotype affected by multiple genes
pleiotropy
single gene that affects multiple aspects of phenotype
underdominance
heterozygote disadvantage, fixation to one homozygote
balanced polymorphism
multiple alleles present in the population
molecular clock
assumption that mutations at neutral loci occur at a constant rate
saturation
when a location in a gene has had more than one mutation, but we only see one and thus underestimate the rate
additive interactions
genetic contributions to phenotype that are the sum of the effects of each allele involved
selective sweep
beneficial allele arises & goes to fixation because of tight linkage
phenology
study of periodic events
Sewall Wright
studied adaptive fitness, i.e fitness distribution graphs as landscapes
Carolus Linneas
father of taxonomy, defined species as groups
Jean-Baptiste Lamark
proposed that phenotypes are acquired during lifetime and heritable gradual change (giraffes)
Charles Lyell
landscapes created by a series of many small changes
Alfred Wallace
similar ideas of evolution to darwin, published tg
Ronal Fisher
statistical basis of inheritance
Haldane
math to train frequency
what determines phenotypes?
selection and environment
Ne
number of individuals who actually contribute genes to the next generation
Note 
Flashcards (25)