Chemistry - 15 Using Our Resources - 15.5 Making Ammonia - the Haber Process & 15.6 The Economics of the Haber Process

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18 Terms

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Haber process
industrial process for producing ammonia
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What are the reactants of the Haber process? [2]
- nitrogen
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What are the conditions for the Haber process? [3]

  • iron catalyst

  • 450°C temperature

  • 200 atmospheres pressure

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Why do plants need nitrogen?
to make proteins for growth
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Why can't plants absorb N₂ from the air?
it is insoluble in water
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What form do plants absorb nitrogen in? [2]

  • through the roots

  • soluble ions

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Haber process symbol equation
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃
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What does the yield of ammonia depend on? [2]

  • temperature

  • pressure

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The forward reaction of the Haber process is (exothermic/endothermic)
exothermic
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Where is the hydrogen for the Haber process obtained?
from reacting methane (CH₄) from natural gas with steam at a very high temperature
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Obtaining hydrogen from methane word equation:
methane + steam → hydrogen + carbon monoxide
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Where is the nitrogen for the Haber process obtained?
from the air
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Haber process [5]

  • nitrogen and hydrogen are pumped in

  • they are compressed and heated in a compressor

  • they are pumped through iron catalyst beds

  • ammonia

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extra hydrogen and nitrogen are recycled through a reflux tube
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Ideal conditions for maximum yield in Haber process [2]:

  • low temperature

  • very high pressure

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Why is a low temperature NOT used in the Haber process
and what is done instead? [2]
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Why is a very high pressure NOT used in the Haber process
and what is done instead? [2]
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What is the function of the iron catalyst?
increases the rate of the Haber process