AP Euro Unit 2

How did Braden-Burg Prussia succeed?

The Great Elector Fredrick William improved it with serfdom and taxes

What was the purpose of Austria?

To be a great habsburg empire.

Was westernization good for Russia?

While it did have its pros it was more of a burden

Why did Peter the Great want warm water ports?

To expand trade and improve economy

How did Peter the Great implement Western ideas into Russia?

He forced the nobles to shave their beards and cut their coats, he also gave more rights to women

What was Peter the Greats Nobility called and was it based on?

it was called Table of Rank and it was a merit based system

What Monarchy did Denmark develop?

It developed a heredity Monarchy

What is Louis XIV known for?

He is known for setting the standards for monarchies across Europe

What did Louis do with Versailles?

It was used as the central government and it removed nobles from high power

What was the Edict of Fontainbleu?

It was basically a huge fuck you to the Huguenots (Protestants)

Who improved France’s economy and allowed Louis XIV to fight his wars?

Colbert-Jean Baptiste

How was France’s economy improved?

It was improved with Mercantilism

What treaty did the war of Aubsburg lead to?

The Treaty of Ryswick

Was Absolutism truly absolute?

No it was not.

What were some causes of the English Civil War?

I. Charles I heavily believed in the Divine Right of Kings

II. Thirty Years War Debt (money that wasn’t authorized by Parliement)

II. Didn’t give into Puritan demands

What did the Puritans advocate for?

Removal of Catholicism in the Anglican Church

What was the English Civil War fought for?

Whether it would be ruled by a Absolute Monarch or a Constitutional Monarch

Who took leadership of the New Model Army?

Oliver Cromwell

What did Oliver Cromwell do to the Parliament?

He dismissed them and became a military dictator

What faith was James II

He was Catholic

Who was the throne given to after James II

William of Orange

Was the Divine Right of Kings still valid after the civil war?

No it was not

How did England rectify many of their problems?

The English Bill of Rights

Was Poland easy to rule?

While it was very easy to invade, it was difficult to rule

What country had stadholders who were 2 center chiefs

Netherlands

What was the commercial and Financial center?

Amsterdam and it had replaced Antwerp

What painting style was based off of Domestic life and interiors?

Dutch Realism

What was the main feature of Mannerism?

Strong emotions and elongated bodies

What was the main feature of Baroque?

Constant movement and renaissance ideals

Who was the cultural leader at the time?

France

What was Elizabethan Era

English Culture was blooming

What was Spain’s Golden Era

Touring companies brought plays everywhere

What was French Drama?

It relied on royal patronage and derived from Greek/roman

What were some of the reasons for Witch Trials

The economy was failing and it was mostly Protestantism faith

What was Aristotle’s belief?

geocentric thinking

What was Galen’s thing?

Medicine

Who discovered heliocentric ideas but didn’t fully believe in it?

Copernicus

What did kepler discover?

The 3 planetary laws of motion

What did Galileo write?

he wrote Starry Messenger

What did Galileo discover?

uniform force and principal inertia

What did Newton write?

He wrote Principa

What was the main diagnostic tool for medicine?

urine

What did Paracelsus do?

Chemical medicine

What did Vesalius do?

he was practical and did hands-on to study anatomy

What did Harvey do?

He discovered the Circulatory system

What did Cavendish do?

she debated for Women’s rights

What did Merian do?

She was an entomologist

What did Winkelman do?

She was astronomer

What did Descartes do?

Cartesian Dualism

What did Bacon do?

inductive principals

What was Journal des Savants?

It was like a magazine for science

What did Spinoza believe?

That god was the entire universe so you might as well worship him

What did Pascal do and what was his faith?

He made a calculator and his christian

What two base ideas did the Enlightenment use?

Newton’s rules of reasoning and Locke’s theory of Knowledge

What did Montesquieu talk about?

He believed in the separation of powers and checks and balances

What did Voltaire believe in?

That god had no direct control over the universe

Laissez-Faire thoughts on the economy?

Disliked mercantilism and believed that the state should not interfere with the economy

Rousseau thoughts?

He thought it was best if people were forced to follow what was best

What did Astell argue for?

She argued for higher education for women

Who Wollstonecraft?

She was the father of modern feminism

What was the Rococo art style?

It emphasized grace

Who was the musician Bach?

He would create music that worships god

Who was the musician Handel?

He created secular music

How did historians feel toward the middle ages?

They were much less sympathetic to it

What was high culture?

it was magazines and newspapers

What were the medical care workers?

Physicians, surgeons and mid wives

What was Popular Culture?

Carnivals, taverns and chapbooks

How was the british and france economy during enlighten absolutism?

It was doing well

Did France resist reform?

Yes they did

What did Fredrick the Great in Prussia need?

He needed serfdom

What did Joseph II attempt to do?

He abolished serfdom but he failed

Was Catherine the Great successful?

She was but there was little change in russia and she had to rely on the nobles

What Enlightened Absolutism truly enlightened?

No it’s main focus was power