Ch 2 - Basics of the Body

What are the four basic types of tissue?

• Epithelial

• Muscle

• Connective

• Nervous

Epithelial tissue

• forms outer layer of skin

• lines internal organs

Connective

• connections between organs and other body tissues

Muslce

• all throughout the body (bones, heart, walls of hollow organs)

Nervous

composed of neurons, found in the brain and spinal cord

Anatomical position

• standing upright

• arms to the side

• head, feet, and palms facing forward

Sagittal plane

• divides body into unequal left and right sections

• midsagittal is the exact middle, half

Medial

towards the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

Transverse plane

• divides the body into upper and lower sections (top and bottom)

Superior/cephal

towards the head or above another organ

Inferior/caudal

Towards the bottom or below another structure

Frontal/Coronal Place

• divides body into front and back sections

Anterior/ventral

towards the front/belly side of the body

Posterior/dorsal

towards the back/spine of the body

Proximal

nearer to the point of attachment

Distal

farther away from the point of attachment

Dorsal cavity

• cranial cavity

• spinal cavity

Ventral cavities

• thoracic cavity

• abdominopelvic cavity

9 Abdominal Divisions

• right hypochondriac

• left hypochondriac

• epigastric

• right lumbar

• left lumbar

• umbilical

• right illiac

• left illiac

• hypogastric