Organic Chemistry Reactions

Doppler Shift

Change in frequency due to motion of source or observer.

Alkene + HX (e.g., HCl, HBr) => Haloalkane

Hydrohalogenation (addition reaction)

Alkene + X₂ (e.g., Br₂, Cl₂) => Dihaloalkane

Halogenation (addition)

Alkene + H₂O => Alcohol

Hydration (addition reaction)

Alkene + H₂ => Alkane

Hydrogenation (addition reaction)

Hydrohalogenation reaction conditions

None

Halogenation reaction conditions

None

Hydration reaction conditions

H2SO4(conc) + heat

Hydrogenation reaction conditions

Pt, Pd or Ni catalyst + heat + pressure

Haloalkane + KOH => Alkene + KX + H2O

Dehydrohalogenation (elimination reaction)

Alcohol => Alkene + Water

Dehydration (elimination)

Larger alkane => Smaller alkanes/alkenes

Cracking

dehydrohalogenation reaction conditions

KOH (dissolved in alcohol) + heat

Dehydration reaction conditions

H2SO4/ H3PO4 (conc) + heat

Thermal Cracking reaction conditions

high temperatures

Catalytic Cracking (reaction conditions)

Silica (SiO₂) or Alumina (Al₂O₃) catalyst + lower heat

Haloalkane => Alcohol

Hydrolisis (substitution)

Alcohol + HX =>

Haloalkane (substitution)

Alkane + X2 => Haloalkane + HX

Halogenation (substitution)

Hydrolisis reaction conditions

heat

Alcohol + HX => Haloalkane

NaOH

Halogenation (substitution) reaction conditions

UV light or heat