Exotics

Legislation, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

How many species are there globally?

8.7 million

What eye shape do goats have?

Horizontal since they are prey, gives them a wide field of view

What are different types of vision advantages?

Night vision, thermal vision, magnified vision, underwater vision

What species can move each eye independently of the other?

Chameleon

What species can spot prey 3k away and has vision 8x better than humans?

Falcons

What agreement was signed by 80 countries to protect ~39k species?

The Red List

Which animals are classified under Appendix I?

Endangered species, very strict rules apply to the trading of these animals

Which animals are classified under Appendix II?

Species are not yet endangered but are threatened and can change to endangered status quickly

What animals are classified under Appendix III?

Species that are not monitored. Not threatened or endangered

Some important things to remember with leg banding?

-Band must be closed and metal

-Must be the right diameter to prevent amputations

-Must be put on when bird is very young (one week old)

Where do we put the microchip in the bird?

Intramuscular in their pectoral muscle

Where do we put microchips in snakes?

On their right side by their tail

Which virus is very deadly for parrots?

Circovirus

What is the Latin name for the grey parrot?

Psittacus Erithacus

T or F: Reptiles are the second largest group of vertebrates (after fishes)

True

How many species of reptiles are there?

10,000

What does it mean to be an ectothermic species?

They are dependent on their habitat to heat their bodies

Super cool reptile tricks?

cold-blooded, change colors, night vision, autotomy (lose and regrow their tail)

What is the Latin name of the smallest reptile?

Sphaerodactylus Parthenopion

What is the Latin name of the largest reptile?

Python Reticulatus

Viviparous + Latin example

Give birth but do not have a placenta or mammary glands, Viper Berus

Ovoviviparous + Latin example

animals that appear to give birth because they incubate their eggs within their bodies and they hatch inside, Trioceros Jacksonii

Oviparous 

Lay eggs that hatch outside the body

What are the two Portuguese Venomous snakes?

Viper Latastei and Viper Seoanei

Intravertebral Autotomy

a break at one of the vertebrae in the tail

Intervertebral Autotomy

A break of the tail BETWEEN the vertebrae

Why is it okay when a reptiles tail falls off despite their most prominant blood vessel being in their tail (ideal for blood draws)?

reptiles undergoing tail autonomy have sphincter muscles around the caudal artery to prevent excessive bleeding. They also have skin folds that seal the wound (intravertebral form).

Latin Name for Iguana and do they express sexual dimorphism?

Iguana Iguana, males have Hemipenal bulges, are larger, and have larger femoral pores

Latin name for Leopard Gecko and what is their sexual dimoprhism?

Eublepharis Macularius, typically larger with hemipenal bulges

What pattern is this Gecko?

Wild-type

What pattern is this Gecko?

Tremper- has Xantic but not melanin

What pattern is this Gecko?

Hypomelanistic

What pattern is this Gecko?

Blizzard- lacking Xantic and melanin

What pattern is this Gecko?

Axantic- no Xantic yes melanin

What pattern is this Gecko?

Hypermelanistic

Acrodont

Acrodont reptiles have teeth that are not replaceable and are located in the bone's crest. It is common to break these teeth when opening these lizards' mouths

Latin name for Bearded Dragon and teeth type?

Pogona Vitticeps, acrodont

Latin name for the smaller Bearded Dragon with the flatter head?

Pogona Henrylawsoni

Latin name for a species of Chameleon from arid deserts of Yemen and their teeth type?

Chamaeleo Calyptratus, AcrodontL

Latin name for a chameleon that is well adapted to tropical places?

Furcifer Pardalis

Latin name for Spiny Tail Lizard

Uromastix Spp,

Latin name for Tuatara and lifespan

Spehnodon Punctatus, 30-100 years

Pleurodont

They lay at the inner side of the mandible; they're more robust than the acrodont teeth. They are present in many lizards, including iguanas, anoles, and snakes. They are replaced throughout life.

Latin name for the colo changing Lizard from the Carribean?

Anolis Carolinensis

Thecodont

They are located deep in the bone. Consider this type of animal who has excellent fights with the prey. Typically crocodiles and snakes (modified), they are often replaced during the life of the animal.

Aglyphous Teeth

Animals that dont have inoculator teeth

Name of the Boa that is aglyphous?

Acrantophis Dumerili

Opisthoglyphous

Posterior venomous fangs which typically do not inject venom, if they do it is not enough to be dangerous- usually to help with digestion

Solenoglyphous

Specialized teeth to inoculate venom, most of them vipers

Latin name for the African viper with Solenoglyphous teeth?

Vipera Gabonica

Latin name for the Madagascaran Lizard that can climb flat surfaces 

Phelsuma Madagascariensis

What is the difference between Turtles, Aquatic Turtles, and Tortoises?

Turtles can live on both sea and land, Aquatic turtles can only live in water, Tortoises can only live on land

How to sex turtles?

Males have longer nails to hold on to females while mating as females are larger

Latin names for tortoises (2 types)

Agrionemys Horsfieldii and Stigmochelys Pardalis

How to sex tortoises?

Males have longer tails and a concave plastron, females are larger

How many extant species of mammals?

6,ooo

Only requirement to be a mammal is _____

mammary glands

Purpose of hair in mammals

insulating against the cold and conserving body heat, camouflage, sexual recognition

What is the Latin name of the Bumblebee Bat, the smallest mammal

Craseonycteris Thonglongyai

Latin name for fruit bats

Eidolon Helvum

Latin name for Blue Whale

Balaenoptera Musculus

Latin name for Chinchilla

Chinchilla Langiera, densest fur in mammals, more space between genitals and anus = male

Latin name for Rat

Rattus Norvegicus, whiskers are dope and they’re so smart but short life span :(

Latin name for Porcupine

Hystrix Cristata

Latin name for Hedgehog

Atelerix Albiventris

Latin name for European Rabbit

Oryctolagus Cuniculus

Latin name for LLama

Lama Glama

Latin name for mouse

Mus Musculus

Latin name for wallaby

Macropus Rufogriseus

Latin name for sugar glider?

Petaurus Breviceps

T or F: Rabbits eat their own feces, cecotrophy, as it is rich in vtiamins

True

Rabbit dental formula

TI2/1, C0/0, P3/2, and M3/3, for a total of 28 teeth.

Are rabbits rodents?

NO they’re lagomorphs

Latin name for Guinea Pig

Cavia Porcellus

Guinea Pig dental formula

I1/1, C0/0, P1/1, M3/3, for a total of 20 teeth.

What is true of the teeth of rabbits and guinea pigs?

They are growing their whole life and both animals must eat hay to wear them down

Latin name for ferrets

Mustella Furo

How many species of birds are there?

~9,000

Penaceous Feathers (wing)

These feathers are specialized for flight and have windproof surfaces. Also called remiges, they are asymmetric with a shorter and less flexible leading edge that prevents mid-air twisting. They are firmly attached to the bones.

Plumaceous feathers

adaptation of penaceous feathers with longer barbulesP

Penaceous feathers (tail)

useless for flying, specialized for courtship

Latin name for Peacock?

Pavo Cristatus

Latin name for Birds of Paradise

Paradisaea Minor

Contour Feathers

Also really important feathers. This is found in almost every part of the body. They have many functions, for example, courtship, camouflage, waterproof, protection to cold. in the end, they are the shingles. In the wings, they are called coverts and work like airplane wings (strongly attached to each other to produce an aerodynamical surface)

Semiplume feather

Hidden beneath other feathers, the barbules are loose since they don’t have hooks to attach

Down feathers

similar to semiplumes, no central rachis, very close to the body and help maintain body heat

Latin name for White Swan

Cygnus Olor

Fitoplume

simple feathers with just a few barbs, help to sense the position of the contour feathers

Bristle

simplest feather, no bar branches, on the head to protect birds eyes and face

Which feathers allow birds to fly?

Remiges and Retrices

Carotenoids

red coloration and bright yellow feathers, comes naturally from plants and animals that eat plants

Porphyrins

Pigment gives pink brown red and green colorations, usually fluorescent under UV light

Iridescent

refraction of light of the feathers makes the bird appear different colors from different angles

Non iridescent

air pockets between barbs scatter incoming light, blue colors are usually processed this way

albinism

no coloration at all

leucism

animal is white except eyes and skin

dilution (birds)

decreased amount of pigment

Fright Molt

change in coloration in tails or other body parts usually when they get trapped by predators

How to clip wings

cut only 6 of the primary remiges, only in dire circumstances

Latin name for Bald Eagles

Haliaeetus Leucocephalus