infancy- stages of fetal development. chapter 3

First trimester (week 1-12)

Growth and finishing phase begins at week 9, which focuses on rapid weight gain, organ maturation, and fat accumulation

Second trimester (week 13-24)

Movement is felt, vernix (white substance) and lanugo (hair) form, glial cells form to support and feed neurons

Third trimester- weeks 25-38

Age of viability, cerebral cortex enlarges, grooves form in brain, more awake time, beginning of personality, pain sensitivity, language and voices

Germinal stage (weeks 1-2)

Blastocyst forms from 1 cell and implants in uterine wall

Embryo stage (weeks 3-8)

Primitive brain and spinal cord, heart, muscle, robs, backbone, digestive tract begin to develop. External organs and structures begin to form

Fetus stage (week 9-12)

Rapid increase in size, nervous system, organ, muscles become organized and connected. Kicking, thumb sucking, mouth opening, rehearsal of breathing. External genitalia well formed

Corpus luteum

Secretes hormones to prepare lining of uterus for implantation.

Germinal period

Last 2 weeks from fertilization to implantation- cell duplication does not begin until 30 hours after conception.

Teratogens

Environmental agent that causes damage during pregnancy. factors are Dose, heredity, nutrition, age of organism. Examples: drugs, radiation, disease, pollutants.

Rh incompatibility

Rh-negative person carries an rh positive fetus, potentially causing the mothers immune system to attack the babies red blood cells.

Amnion

Thin, tough and transparent membrane that forms the innermost layer of the amniotic sac, directly surrounding the fetus and amniotic fluid. Provides critical protection against infection

Blastocyst

5-6 day old cell embryo formed after fertilization.

Chorion

Outermost fetal membrane enveloping the embryo, crucial for developing the placenta and protecting the fetus during gestation

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Group of lifelong, preventable confirming caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, which affects brain development and physical growth. Possibilities could be learning disabilities, behavioral issues, and distinct physical facial features.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Sever permanent developmental disorder caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Includes distinct facial features, cognitive impairment, and brain damage.

Lanugo

Fine hair that covers a fetus’s body between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. Serves as a barrier to protect the skin from amniotic fluid and hold vernix in place

Neural tube

The embryonic precursor to the CNS in vertebrae’s, it develops from the neural plate

Parietal fetal alcohol syndrome

Results from prenatal alcohol exposure, often easing to structural reductions and functional deficits in areas governing spatial reasoning, number processing, and sensory integration.

Vernix

A white biofilm covering a fetus’s skin

Fancy maternal factors impacting development

Nutritional status, environmental exposures, and psychosocial factors. Key impacts: Guts microbiomes role in offspring metabolism, chronic stress induced cortisol explore, and lifestyle.