Biology - Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Knowt Guide for Study for Biology (9th Grade) 10/23/24

What is a chemical reaction? What does it do?

Is anything that takes a reactant and turns it into a product.

What is a reactant?

are the substances changed during a chemical reaction.

What is a product?

Gets produced from the reaction

What is bond energy?

The amount of energy needed to either make or break a bond.

What is equilibrium? What happens when a reaction is in equilibrium?

When reactants and products are being produced at the same rate.

Why is carbon dioxide converted to carbonic acid in your body?

It allows carbon dioxide to move efficiently through your circulatory system to the lungs so the carbon dioxide can be exhaled.

What happens in body cells?

They carry out the basic processes of life.

What happens in your lungs?

When someone breathes, they inhale air into the lungs, and then carbon dioxide is produced and goes through the blood stream to the lungs so the lungs can expel the carbon dioxide.

What is activation energy?

Just the amount of energy needed to make a reaction occur.

How is bond energy and activation energy related?

As the bond energy decreases or increases, the activation energy follows.

What is a exothermic reaction?

A reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs.

What is a endothermic reaction?

A reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases.

How are endothermic and exothermic reaction similar?

They are both chemical reactions that involve an energy transfer.

What is a catalyst?

It lowers activation energy and speeds up a reaction.

-ase…

An ending that indicates that a protein is an enzyme. Ex: (Catalase, Amylase, Telomerase)

What is an enzyme?

They are catalysts in living things that are almost needed in all chemical process.

How does temperature and pH affect enzyme function?

Changes in temperature and pH (being out of it’s optimum range) can break hydrogen bonds, affecting the structure and function.

What is a substrate?

The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on.

What is an active site?

the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

What happens when the structure of an enzyme changes?

The function changes.

What is catalase?

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide within the body.

What reaction is catalyzes and what organ does most of the work?

The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme "catalase" is the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2), and the organ that primarily performs this function is liver.