US History pt2

Homestead Act of 1862

150 acres of cheap land and must settle for five years

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad built by Chinese immigrants, providing economic opportunity for the US and Chinese immigrants

Buffalo Soldiers

Black soldiers who protected settlers in the west

Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints/Mormons

Founded by Joseph Smith; Brigham Young led Mormons to Utah

Pioneer Day

July 24, 1947

Leland Stanford

President of Union Pacific Railroad; hated Chinese but loved their cheap labor

Californios

Hispanic Californians

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Banned Chinese from coming to the US for ten years, except scholars, diplomats, and tourists

Ways the transcontinental Railroad impacted

Increased racial conflict, adversely affected the environment (no trees), travel became more affordable, established multiple continental time-zones, increased migration, growth of capitalism

Immigration Act of 1891

Turning point for immigration, filtered out people who would hurt the American economy

Old Immigrant

Came from northern/western Europe: Ireland and Germany, mixed well and culturally similar

New Immigrants

Came from eastern/southern Europe: Russia and Poland, did NOT mix well, made culture towns

Push and Pull Effect

What pushed them out of their country and made them come here; pull=American economy/work

Irish Immigration

Over 50% of Irish came to the US, settled in Cincinnati, culturally different, more women worked than other cultures

German Immigration

Worked skilled labor, went back home, stayed in ethnic neighborhoods

German Triangle

Cincinnati, Saint Louis, Milwaukee

Kindergarten

German made, to prepare children for socialized learning

Italian Immigration

Temporary migrants or 'birds of passage', Southern Italians did not like the church, cleaned streets, laid brick

Burlingame-Seward Treaty

Reinforced friendly relations, an effort to allow more immigration

Temporary migrants

Italian

Immigrant Banker

Provided all types of services to immigrants; sent money abroad, purchased travel tickets, translated, notarized documents, exchanged money abroad

Amedeo Giannini

Founded Bank of Italy (1940)/Bank of America, financed Walt Disney (Snow White) and Golden Gate Bridge

Jewish Immigration

Came from Russia and Eastern Europe, ended up in 2 segments: uptown=rich, downtown=poor

Anti-defamation League

Combats antisemitism

The Brooklyn Bridge

Connects Brooklyn and Manhattan

Ellis Island

Immigration center in New York Harbor, from eastern and southern Europe

Angel Island

Immigration center in San Francisco, from China

Buckwheats

Young boys hired for cheap labor

Sweatshops

Clothing factory, small but crowded

Typewriters

A job for native women to take notes for men

Jacob Riis

Took photos of immigrants to expose unhealthy lifestyles

The Family Economy

Children started working and helping pay for home

Organized Labor

The Knights of Labor

Secret union with rituals for members, wanted to protect workers from retaliation

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Unionized workers kept getting payouts which caused strike, army came and strike was cancelled

Coney Island

Entertainment for the masses, 3 amusement parks on the beach

Steeplechase Park

Family friendly amusement park, 25 cent fee

Sherman Antitrust Act

Prohibited monopolies, anti-competitive agreements

Progressivism

Advocated government to mitigate the problems of urban industrialism

Settlement Houses

Provided social services to people in working communities

Jane Addams

'Mother of Social Work', appointed garbage inspector, founded settlement houses

Women's Trade Union League

Organized working women in organized labor, demonstrated solidarity

Triangle Shirtwaist Company

Went on strike to protest low wages, dangerous working conditions, and respect as a union (1909-1910)

Homerplessy vs. Ferguson

Legalized segregation in the south; hired Homerplessy to ride in a white-only railroad car to start reform

W.E.B. DuBois

Founded NAACP

Booker T. Washington

Founded Tuskegee Institute, reputation as a moderate on racial matters

Atlanta Compromise

Done by Booker T. Washington, ignore segregation and make your own community