Chapter 16

Sleep-Wake Disorders

Disruptions in a person’s sleep patterns or dissatisfaction regarding the quality, timing, or amount of sleep.

Pediatric Insomnia

Sleep problems resulting in distress or impairment with the quantity and quality of sleep.

Difficulty Maintaining Sleep

A symptom of pediatric insomnia characterized by trouble staying asleep throughout the night.

Night Waking

A risk factor for pediatric insomnia where children wake up during the night and require parental assistance to return to sleep.

Bedtime Resistance

A behavior in children where they refuse to go to bed, often reinforced by caregivers.

Anxiety or Impulsivity

Factors that can exacerbate sleep problems by increasing frustration and prolonging sleep onset.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder

A disorder characterized by recurrent inability to fall asleep and wake at appropriate times, affecting daytime functioning.

Sleep Arousal Disorders

Disorders involving incomplete awakening from non-REM sleep, including sleepwalking and sleep terrors.

Nightmare Disorder

A DSM-5 disorder characterized by repeated, distressing dreams that occur during REM sleep.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

A disorder where the airway is constricted during sleep, leading to breathing disruptions and reduced sleep quality.

Assessment Tools

Methods used to evaluate sleep-wake disorders, including parental reports and polysomnography.

Behavioral Approaches

Interventions for pediatric insomnia that include establishing consistent bedtime routines and sleep hygiene.

Chronotherapy

A treatment for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder that involves adjusting bedtime to align with social expectations.

Nightmare Imagery Rehearsal Therapy

A cognitive treatment for nightmare disorder where children rewrite their nightmares to emphasize mastery.

Sleep Hygiene

Developmentally appropriate behaviors and environmental conditions that promote restful sleep.