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water cycle
the process in which water continuously moves from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and back again.
evaporation
the process by which liquid changes to gas.
atmosphere
the mixture of gases that surround a planet.
condensation
the process by which a gas changes to a liquid.
precipitation
water that falls from the clouds to Earth’s surface.
transpiration
the process of water evaporating from plants
groundwater
water that is stored underground.
runoff
water that cannot soak into the ground and instead flows across Earth’s surface.
glacier
a large, slow-moving mass of ice.
aquifer
a body of rock that stores groundwater
weather
what the atmosphere is like at a given time and place.
meteorologist
a scientist who studies the weather.
weather balloon
tool used to measure weather conditions high in the atmosphere.
wind vane
a tool used to measure wind direction.
anemometer
a tool used to measure wind speed.
barometer
a tool used to measure air pressure.
hygrometer
a tool used to measure humidity.
humidity
the amount of water vapor in the air.
rain
liquid precipitation that falls through warm or cool air.
snow
solid precipitation that falls through freezing air.
sleet
precipitation that begins as rain or snow and freezes near the ground.
hail
solid precipitation made of layers of ice that usually falls during a thunderstorm.
air pressure
the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on Earth’s surface.
wind
moving air
climate
the long-term weather patterns of a place.
climate zone
an area that has similar average temperatures and precipitation throughout.
equator
imaginary line that divides Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres
equator
imaginary line that divides Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres
latitude
measure of how far north or south a place is from the equator.
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