While the Hindenburg attempted to land in Lakehurst, New Jersey in 1937, a spark came into contact with hydrogen used to fill the airship, causing an instantaneous explosion that killed 36 people.
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How could the Hindenburg Explosion be prevented? Why?
They could have used a less reactive element for fuel because then if it were to come in contact with a spark, it would not explode.
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What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost energy level.
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Do valence electrons have higher or lower energy compared to electrons closer to the nucleus?
Higher.
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Where are valence electrons located?
At the outermost shell of an atom.
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Why are valence electrons important?
They keep an atom stable.
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How do you determine how many valence electrons an element has?
The ones digit of the group number.
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What is a Bohr diagram?
A Bohr diagram is a diagram that shows the number of electrons in each shell surrounding the nucleus of an atom.
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What is an electron dot diagram?
Another way to represent valence electrons.
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How are Bohr and electron dot diagrams similar?
They both show the amount of valence electrons an atom has.
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What does APE stand for?
Atomic number = protons = electrons.
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What does MAN stand for?
Mass number - atomic number = neutrons.
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How many electrons can fit in the first energy level?
2
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How many electrons can fit in the second energy level?
8
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How many electrons can fit in the third energy level?
18
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Luster
Refers to the way a metal's surface reflects light.
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Ductile
Refers to the way most metals can be stretched into wires.
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Malleable
Refers to the way most metals can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets.
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Brittle
The tendency of material to fracture or fail with a small amount of force.
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Conductivity
The measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass through a material.
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Insulator
A material that keeps energy such as electricity, heat, or cold from easily transferring through.
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Are metals malleable?
Yes
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Are metals ductile?
Yes
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Are metals good thermal conductors?
Yes
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Are metals good electrical conductors?
Yes
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Do metals have luster?
Yes
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What can metals react with?
Nonmetals.
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What phase are metals at during room temperature?
Most are solid.
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Where are metals found on the periodic table?
The left and middle.
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How many valence electrons do metals usually have?
1 to 6.
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Are nonmetals malleable?
No
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Are nonmetals ductile?
No
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Are nonmetals good thermal conductors?
No
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Are nonmetals good electrical conductors?
No
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Do nonmetals have luster?
No
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What can nonmetals react with?
Metals and nonmetals.
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What phase are nonmetals at during room temperature?
Most are gasses.
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Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?
The right.
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How many valence electrons do nonmetals usually have?
1 or 3-8.
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Are metalloids good thermal conductors?
Better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.
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Are metalloids good electrical conductors?
Better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.
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Do metalloids have luster?
Thye can be.
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What phase are metalloids at during room temperature?
Solid.
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Where are metalloids found on the periodic table?
In between the metals and nonmetals. Boron the moron is at the top of the stupid stairs.
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How many valence electrons do metalloids usually have?
3-7
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What are ions?
An atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged.
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How do atoms become ions?
By losing or gaining electrons.
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How do you know if an element will become a positive or negative ion?
If an atom gains a valence, it becomes a negative ion. If an atom loses a valence electron, it becomes a positive charge.
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What is a polyatomic ion? Give an example.
An ion that is made of more than one atom like NH₄+.
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What is ionic bonding?
The transfer of electrons.
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Are ionic bonds good or bad conductors of thermal and electricity?
Good
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Do ionic bonds have high or low melting points?
High
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Are ionic bonds always soluble or sometimes soluble in water?
Always
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Do ionic bonds form crystals?
Yes
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What is covalent bonding?
The sharing of electrons.
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Which elements form covalent bonds?
Metals and nonmetals.
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Single Bonds
Atoms that share only one pair of electrons.
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Double Bonds
Atoms that share two pairs of electrons.
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Triple Bonds
Atoms that share three pairs of electrons.
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What is a polar covalent bond?
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally.
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What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.
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How can a molecule with polar covalent bonds be a nonpolar molecule? Provide an example.
The atoms pull with equal strength in opposite directions like carbon dioxide.
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Are covalent bonds good or bad conductors of thermal and electricity?
Bad
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Do covalent bonds have high or low melting points?
Low
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Are covalent bonds always soluble or sometimes soluble in water?
Sometimes
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Do covalent bonds form crystals?
Yes
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What does "like dissolved like" mean?
Polar dissolves polar and nonpolar dissolves nonpolar.
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