Texas History Test 1

Sam Houston

Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

Juan Bradburn

Hired by a slave catcher along with William Barret Travis to catch run away slaves

Law of April 6, 1830

prohibited all immigration from the U.S.

outlawed bringing in slaves (including indentured servants)

ended empassario contract

called for the collection of taxes on imports and exports

Stephen F. Austin

Continues his fathers plan

the Austin Colony is created about 3200 per family

sold for cheap and could pay off over 7 years

the old 300

goes in Mexico City in 1823 to discuss imperial colonization law (occupy land in 2 yrs, be or become catholic, unclear provision of slavery)

Jumano

Native Americans who live in the far western part of Texas, which is mostly desert

farmed, hunted, traded, and lived in painted adobe homes

some settled along the Rio Grande, while others became nomads in western and central Texas. Part of Pueblo, lived in adobe houses

Spanish Mission and Presidio System

presidio (fort)

then mission (church)

then villas (villages)

Augustin Iturbide

Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; combined forces entered Mexico City in 1821; later proclaimed emperor of Mexico until its collapse in 1824.

met with Guerrero to make mexico an independent constutionals monarchy (plan de Iguala)

Salado Creek

1812

RAN va. royalists

royalists surrender

RAN massacres the royalists

1842

near san antonio

pivotal during the republic of texas era

led by Colonel Mathew Caldwell and Captain John Hays

prevented the capture of Austin

San Antonio

hotspot for trade

between Mexico and the major presidios, missions, and villas

where many of the Texas officials lived

Early Native American Tribes

Atakapans, "eaters of men"

southeast Texas

mainly hunting, fishing, and shellfish

live in small, dispersed bands with no tribal chief

ritualistic cannibalism

Karankawa "dog lover or raisers"

South Texas (coast)

kept coyotes

hunting, fishing, gathering (bow and arrow)

physical specimens

small population

Coahuiltecans (the poorest group)

corpus christi to the rio grande

hunter and gatherers

divided into hundreds of different groups

gathered all together for big hunts

limited authority from the head man

genuinely accepted the catholic missionary efforts

Jumano "human"

central texas

least known early groups

agriculture (corn, squash, beans)

hunt (buffalo and deer)

extensive trade network

flourishing from 1,000 to 1700

Apache "enemy"

come to the front as the Jumano decline

dominating and aggressive tribe

split into separate groups (pueblo wealth) : Lipan in the east, Mescalero in the west

women farmed and buffalo gave much

tribal chief chosen by bravery and wisdom

counting coup : get close to your enemy to show they had the ability to kill them

Louis de Saint-Denis

Frenchmen who start a mission in Texas at the request of Francisco Hidalgo

he operated under the cover of trade

From 1713-1715, he worked in Natchitoches

After marrying a Spanish woman, he declares himself a Spanish citizen

San Antonio's Importance

the hotspot of Texas (Mexico to Texas)

serves a midpoint of the country

commercial importance (trading point)

the seat of government (many officials are living here)

Empresarios

person who arranged for the settlement of land in Texas during the 1800s, they had cheap land as long as they obeyed mexican law and followed catholic religion

Agents who were contracted by the Mexican republic to bring settlers to Texas in the early 1800s

RAN

republic army of the north

fighting the Spanish in attempts to make Mexico its own independent country

some were contracted from the U.S.

Bernando De Lara gets Augustus William Magee to lead

After Magee's death, it takes on royalist forces at Salado Creek

Medina River

1813 Jose Alvarez de Toledo (Rebel) vs. Joaquin de Arrendondo (royalist)

bloodiest battle in Texas History

1,000 dead out of 3,000

Arrendondo kills around 250-300 prisoners

led to more reasons not to move to Texas (revolts, royalist sympathizers)

Constitution of 1824

adopts a federal system

- power was shared between states and the federal level

nueces river is the border

Moses Austin

persuaded the Spanish Governor of Texas to give him a land grant in which to settle 300 families.

wants cheap land to sell for cheap to get the population of Texas to Increase (1820s)

he gets connection to Spanish Officials through Philip Bagel in 1820 and he would have 300 catholic American families in Texas if he was granted the Land

Dies in 1821 before he can implement his plan

Anastacio Bustamante

1828-29

became a conservative president that favors centralist ideas

proposed colonizing Texas with Mexicans and Germans (they were catholic and grow international trade)

Haden Edwards

Declared that the Nacogdoches area was an independent nation called the Republic of Fredonia.

in 1825 he arrived in Nacogdoches and he ordered citizens to prove their titles to their land, charged high land fees, and put his son in law as mayor

his contract is cancelled by Guadalupe Victoria and he responds by arresting officials but it was quickly suppressed.

Caddo

"Big chief"

mainly agricultural

800 A.D. to 1350 A.D. are their peak years

weakest is when Columbus came with the disease

break into 3 groups (1) Natchitoches (2) kadohadacho (3) Hasinai

leave the legacy of the name Tejas

Lucas Alaman

Law of April 6

Vicente Guerrero

Leading revolutionary general of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served as 2nd President of Mexico (1829)

met with Itrurbide to make mexico an independent constutionals monarchy (plan de Iguala)

1829 - emancipated all slaves and their servants

Anahuac

fort near Houston

1831

dispute between Mexican coronel Juan Bradburn and land commissioner Jose Madero

Madero was letting new people in after it was prohibited so Bradburn arrested him only to be realized by Coahuila

1832

runaway slaves made it to Anahuac and added to Bradburn's garrison

a slave catcher hires William Barret Travis and Patrick Jack to recover the slaves

Bradburn arrested them for making a false report

150 Anglos march to demand their release and later bring a cannon

Santa Anna starts a revolt against the centralist government and removes Bradburn from power

Tejas y Coahuila

the Constitution of 1824 consolidated Coahuila and Texas as one state

Alonso Alvarez de Pineda

sailed to Florida, then to Vera Cruz, Mexico

mapped the Texas coastline

first to chart the Gulf coast

discovers the mouth of the Mississippi

started in 1519

Colonization Law of 1825

states could create their own colonization lawd

provided the first land rush to Texas

says nothing about Slavery

Marques de Rubi

inspector for New Spain, Recommended downsizing the number of missions and moving settlers out of East Texas

sent by King Charles in 1765

he gave his report in 1769

- missions and presidios were taking time and money

- left only 15 (san antionio and la bahia in Texas)

- Also change the native american policy to wage war against yhr apache bc of how they were being used to get to the comanche

- trade with natives and comanche

Philip Nolan

The first filibuster

starts in1803

tried to start a lucrative trade of wild mustang

In the 1790s, he had permission

in 1800s, no permission

1801, attacked by Spanish forces and killed

William Barret Travis

lawyer and soldier he commanded the Republic of Texas forces at the Battle of the Alamo

hired by a slave catcher along with Jack to catch run away slaves

almost got arrested but was supported by 150 Anglo's

Criollos and Peninsulares

peninsulares: natives of Spain and hold the highest office

criollos: born in the Americas but of Spanish blood

mestizos: mixed blood, born in the Americas

the peninsulares wanted the government to remain the same so they could hold their positions in office

the criollos wanted to create a council so they could have a chance in government (the mestizos sided with them)

most population in criollos and mestizos

Manuel de Mier y Teran

surveyed the Mexican boundary with the U.S.

he also reported on the affairs of Texas

he finished in 1829

- reported that Anglo's have a negative view of Mexicans because they live with those that are poor and uneducated

- increase Mexican colonization and pause colonization from colonies

Spain's Legacy in Texas

spanish civil law and seperate property rights for women

spanish names for counties and rivers

cattle ranching

Texas water law