Civics (quiz 1 Q4) chapter 13

8; 1

9 judges: ___ associate justices and __ chief justice

pres; senante

all judges are nominated by the ___ and confirmed by the ___

trial jurisdiction

___ over lawsuits involving 2 or more states and cases concerning ambassadors and certain other federal officials (rare)

US appeals; federal question

appellate authority over cases decided by the ___ and some cases decided in state courts involving ____

writ of certiroari

_____ needed to bring a case to the SC that has already been decided by a lower court

- any party may petition the SC to issue a ____

congress

___ determines the # of SC justices

4

__ of the 9 justices have to grant certiorari

100

on average, fewer than ____ cases are heard a yr in the SC

policy issues or difficult social and legislative constitutional question; 1st amendment

the SC hears the cases that raise important ________

- in the 21st century, these have included cases over the ___ and the constitutionality requirements under the affordable care act

matter of law

if lower courts render confliction opinions on an important issue, the SC often reviews one or more cases involving that issue to define the ___

written arguments

the supreme courts decisions are based on the written records of cases from the original lower courts and on ____ submitted by atorneys

oral arguments

attorneys also present 30 min _____ in person to the supreme court

justices

after considering the case, the ___ vote on the decision

reason for the decisions, the rules of law that apply, and the judgement

the majority opinion outlines the ____, the _____, and the ___

majority opinon

one of the justices who voted w the majoirty writes the ____

concurring opinon

justices who agree with the court's ruling can chose to write a ___

dissenting opinion

justices who disagree with the courts ruling can write a __

dissenting opinion

a ___ explains why the author believes the majority was incorrect in its decision

no but they can impact future cases

do dissenting opinions affect the outcome of the case? what do they impact?

plurality opinion

a ____ has the largest number of justices that still doesnt command a majority of the court

lower court

in the case of a tie vote, the decision of the ____ stands

SC justices

____ are nominated by the pres and serve for life

federal judges

the impeachment clause of constitution appleis to ____

false

t/f: the constitution sets specific qualifications for SC justices

law

most SC justices are trained in ___

gender, race, and ethnicity

Recent presidents have diversified the court in terms of ___, ____ and ___

presidents own party

presidents generally appoint judges whose justices history reflects the views of the ____

senate

the pres submits a nominees for a SC seat to the ____ for approval

political debate and controversy

since 1987, nomination and confirmation of federal judges has involved increased _____ and ____

paritsanship

giving recent rising ____, it is likely that a pres will have difficulty getting a senate controlled by the opposing party to confirm a SC nominee

lawmaking

in the cases where the law doesn't provide clear answers to a question b4 the courts, their interpretations have the effect of ____

policymaker

the SC has acted as ___in such cases:

- application of privacy rights

- accommodations for disabled ppl mandated in the Americans with disabilities act

- policies for modern communications technology

judicial review

_____ is the court's power to interpret the constitutionality of the other 2 branches actions

isn't; marbury v madison

the power of judicial review IS/ISN'T mentioned in the constitution but was established by the SC in ___ v ___

true

t/f most constitutional scholars believe the framers intended for the courts to have the power of judicial review

statute

upholding or invalidating a state or federal ___, or law, has profound effects on the nation

judicial activism and judicial restraint

judges decisions may reflect one of the two philosophies:

judicial activism

judges decisions may reflect one of the two philosophies:

- ___ is the belief that the courts should be willing to rule on constitutional issues and to check actions of the legislative and executive branches (changes)

judicial restraint

judges decisions may reflect one of the two philosophies:

- ____ is the idea that the courts should limit the use of their power to strike down laws or oppose actions of the other 2 branches

judicial restraints; federal judges; unmistakably unconstitutional

supporters of ___ point out that members of congress and the pres are elected by the people and ___ are not. in this view, the courts should not strike down laws unless it is ______

strict construction

_______ reflects the idea that the constitution should be interpreted strictly as it is written, giving little power to the federal gov beyond what is explicitly stated in the constitution

political conservatives

strict construction is more closely associated with ____

textualism

____ is the idea that only the plain meaning of the txt of a law should be used to review and interpret the law

textualists

_____ do not consider factors such as legislative debates surrounding the creation of the law or the nature of the problem the law addresses

original intent; subjective interpretation

followers of originalism or ____ look to the basic intentions of the framers of the constitution to determine the meaning of a particular constitutional phrase

- supporters of the constitution claim it protects the objective ideas of the constitution from ___

-Opponents point out that the framers couldn't have anticipated changes that have taken place since the founding of the US

modernism

_____ is the idea that judges should examine the constitution in the context of todays society

ideology; personal policy preferences

history has shown that ____, along with ____ can affect the direction of a judges decision

liberal or conservative views

judges can hold _____ or____ which are often partisan views

swing vote

a ____ is a member of the court whose decisions might swing bwt liberal and conservative rullings when others are divided

conservative

since the 1960s, SC justices have trended genrally ___, but justices dont always vote predicably along partisan lines

judicial restraint, money, legislation, and amendments

list the ways to checks on courts (4)

judicial restraint

checks on courts:

- ____ is when the court doesnt chose which cases to hear simply to rule on a specific issue

against

checks on courts:

- judicial restraint

- justices sometimes rule _____ their personal opinions in view of existing law

one

checks on courts:

- judicial restraint

-justices often narrow rullings to focus on ___ aspect of an issue

money

checks on courts:

- ___ - funding for changes based SC decisions must come from the federal or state legislatures

legilsation

checks on courts:

- ____: legislatures can revise old laws or pass new ones in an attmept to negotiate a court's ruling