Basic Material And Hardware Part 1

Dornier Mtp

Hardness

Penetration and Resistance (Wear and Scratching)

strength

Withstand forces that tend to deform or bend (Resistance to permanent deformation or breaking)

Elasticity

Stretch but can return to its original shape( Resistance to remaining deformed after a load removed)

Plasticity

Allows to be Reshape (Resistance to staying to its original shape when load apply)

Ductility

Allow metal to be drawn into thinner section without breaking (Resistance to breaking while being stretched )

Malleability

Allow metal to be streched or shaped by beating it with a hammer or passing through roller without breaking (Resistance to breaking while being compressed)

Toughness

Resistance to Fracture when Deform

Brittleness

Tendency of a Metal to break when deformed or hammered; resistance to change in the relative position of its molecule (Resistance to plactis deformation.)

Conductivity

Ability of a Material to transmit heat or electricity (Resistance to flow of heat or electricity)

durability

Ability of a Material to withstand force over a long period of time ( Resistance to detoriation or Failure)

Metallic Materials

Materials that contain metal or have metallic characteristic ( Steel,Aluminum,Copper,Titanium)

Non Metallic Metal

Materials that contain no metal(Plactics,woods,composites,Fiberglass, Carbon Fiber,ceramics)

Ferrous Materials

Iron or alloys containing Iron(Iron, Cast Iron, Carbon Steels)

Non Ferrous Metal

Does not contain iron (Aluminum,Copper,Brass,Bronze)

FE

IRON

Metallic

Ferrous (Pure,Alloy) And Non Ferrous (Pure,Alloy)

Non Metallic

Plastic,Ceramics,Natural

Alluminum Alloys

(-2.7 kg/dm)

Titanium Alloys

(-4.5 kg/dm)

Magnesium Alloys

(-1.74 kg/dm)

Heavyweight Materials

(7.85-95 kg/dm)

Tempature (Heat Treatment)

High ( Above Recrystallication)

Temperature (Cold Treatment)

Low ( at or below Recrystallization)

Mechanism( Heat Treatment)

Thermal Cycles (Heating) to change microstructure/phases

Mechanism( Cold Treatment)

Mechanical Deformation ( Cold Working) or Cryogenic Chilling

Mg

Magnesium

Al

Aluminum

TI

Titanium

Zn

Zinc

Cu

Copper

Steel Application

High Strength

Materials Development

Materials selection balances performance and function, and cost

Steel

Is an Iron based alloy with high strength and stiffness

Alloying ingredients

Carbon,Sulphor,Manganese,Silicon,Phosphorous

Hydrogen Embrittlement

baking 375 F (190) FOR 3 HOURS

Untempered Martensite

that can form during welding or heat treatment. It makes the metal strong but prone to cracking, which is dangerous for aircraft parts.

Protective Treatment - Stainless steel

Cadium Plating,Phosplating plus paint finish,Aluminum spraying

Titanium and its Alloy

Widely used in the Aerospace Industry because of high Strenght,Low weight, Temperature Resistance

Titanium

Corrosion Resistance

Titanium

High Temp resistance above - 583 c(1000 F

Pure Aluminium

When alloyed it becomes strong, lightweight structural Material (Cladding and Non Structural part Interiol Panels

Cast-aluminium

coarse grain and is brittle(Mainly used for Wheels and Engine crankcase)

Wrought Aluminium

Used for Skins,Sheets and Extrusion

Titanium

Can still have Corrosion

Mn

Manganese

Si

Silicon

Aluminium

Three times lighter than steel but, when alloyed can achieve High Strength

660 C

Melting point of Aluminium

2.7 Kg

Density of Aluminium

1100,3003,5052

Non Heat Treatable Alloys

2011,2017,2024

Heat Treatable Alloys

1100

Commercially pure Aluminium,Very Soft, Highly Workable,Excellent Corrosion Resistant and Thermal Conductivity( Heat Exchanger, Interior Panels)

3003

Aluminium-Manganese Alloy; Stronger than 1100,good corrosion resistance and Formability( Fuel Tank, Fuel Line,Cowling)

5052

High Strenght non heat treatable alloy,Excellent fatigue Strenght and Corrosion Resistance( Pwede cold treatment,Sheet metal parts,)

2011

Excellent Machinability and Good Strength( Camshaft)

2024

Very High Strenght and Good Fatigue resistance(Pwede sa Skin

CR

Chromium

Heat Treatment Procedure

1.Solution Heat treatment 2. Quenching 3. Age Hardening

Solution Heat Treatment

Heat the material to a Specified temperature and hold it for a set time

Age Hardening

Allow Material to harden at room temp or Elevated temp

Natural Aging

room temperature,Slow, Strenghtening

Artificial Aging

Faster, Assisted by material( ref nagtutulong mapalamig)

AFRP

Aramid Fibre Reinforced Plastic

CFRP

Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic

GFRP

Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic

HOBE

Honeycomb Before Expansion

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheet

Quenching

Rapidly cooling Hot Metal in Air, Water Or Oil

Fiberglass

Made from Woven Silica Glass Fibre.Low Cost Widely Used but heavier (Radomes)

Aramid ( Kevlar)

Light weight fiber with high tensile strength,(Rotor Blades

Graphite (Carben Fibre)

Very Strong and Stiff; used primary structures like ribs and floor bims

Thermoplastic

Can be reheated or Reshape and be Molded again

Thermosets

Cannot be molded again, Not Reusable

Epoxy Resins

Ideal for Bonding Metals to composite Material

Prepreg

Pre-impregnated fiber fabrics with controlled resin contact

Foam

Available in many types depending in application

Alclad

Provide Corrosion protection

MPD

Maintenance Planning Document

SRM

Structural Repair Manual

Unscheduled

Non Routine, Wala sa Job Card

Scheduled

Job Card Exist

Skin Perforated

Lightning Strike,FOD impact-Worse Damage, Need repair

Skin Not Perforated

Minimal or Minor Damage

Gouge

Damage cause by sharp Object or Foriegn Body that deeply blows

Scratch

Trace or Shallow Mark or a Series Marks caused by a movements of a sharp object

Abrasion

damage to a surface caused by scuffing or Rubbing

NDT

Non Destructive Techniques (Visual or Optical inspection, bond testing,penetrant,Thermography

Holography

Used for Rapid Detection of Surface Changes( Fast Inspection)

Ultrasonics

Common, Quick and Low Cost (Detects Cracks and porosity

Quenching

Rapid Cooling

Corrugation Process

Formed layer by layer

Expansion Process

All bonds formed simultaneously

12 Point

Mostly use on High Temp Area

Hexagonal

Can find in Landing Gear

Root

BOLT Minor Diameter (Bottom of the Thread)

Crest

BOLT Major Diameter(Top of the Thread)

Bolt

Usually put Externally

Nut

Usually put Internally

Hex

Have 8 point and 12 point

Shank

Body of Bolt