APUSH Time Period 5

Sectionalism

Intensified regional tensions leading to Civil War.

Civil War

Conflict over slavery and state rights (1861-1865).

Expansionism

Growth of US territory and influence.

President Polk

Led US during Mexican-American War.

Mexican-American War

Conflict over Texas and territorial expansion.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Ended Mexican-American War; ceded land to US.

Mexican Cession

Land acquired from Mexico, including California.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed bill to ban slavery in new territories.

Free Soil Party

Political party opposing the expansion of slavery.

Whig Party

Political party divided over slavery issues.

Compromise of 1850

Attempt to resolve tensions over California's statehood.

Popular Sovereignty

Voters decide on slavery in new states.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska.

Bleeding Kansas

Violence over slavery in Kansas territory.

Brooks-Sumner Beating

Violent incident reflecting sectional tensions in Congress.

Republican Party

Formed to oppose slavery's expansion.

Dred Scott Decision

Supreme Court ruling denying citizenship to slaves.

Chief Justice Taney

Ruled Congress couldn't ban slavery in territories.

Economic Ideology

Differences between Southern agriculture and Northern industry.

Election of 1860

Lincoln's victory led to Southern secession.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States.

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in Confederate states during Civil War.

Confiscation Acts

Allowed Union to seize Confederate property, including slaves.

Antietam

First major Union victory in the Civil War.

Reconstruction

Process of reintegrating Southern states post-war.

Lincoln's 10% Plan

Minimal requirement for Southern states' reentry.

Johnson's Plan

Failed Reconstruction strategy allowing former Confederates power.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship to all born in the US.

15th Amendment

Prohibited voting discrimination based on race.

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction in exchange for electoral support.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in America's divine right to expand westward.

Sharecropping

System trapping African Americans in debt to landowners.

Nativism

Anti-immigrant sentiment in response to population growth.