Cytoskeletal Systems- Chapter 13

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts related to cytoskeletal systems, including microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, regulatory proteins, and related disorders.

Microtubules

Large, hollow tubules made of tubulin dimers (α-tubulin and β-tubulin).

Tubulin Dimer

A complex formed by the combination of α-tubulin and β-tubulin.

Microtubule-Organizing Center (MTOC)

A cellular structure where microtubules originate, with the centrosome being a prime example.

Centrioles

Cylindrical structures made of microtubules that organize spindle fibers during cell division.

Axonemal Microtubules

Microtubules that form the core of cilia and flagella, facilitating movement.

Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Microtubules that provide tracks for organelle movement and structural support.

Microfilaments

Thin fibers made of G-actin proteins that polymerize to form F-actin; crucial for cell structure and movement.

CapZ Protein

A protein that binds to the positive end of actin filaments, preventing further growth.

Thymosin beta-4

A protein that binds free actin monomers to prevent polymerization, serving as a storage form of actin.

Profilin Protein

A protein that promotes polymerization of actin by helping G-actin swap ADP for ATP.

Arp2/3 Complex

A protein complex that forms new actin filaments as branches, aiding in cell movement.

Lamellipodia

Protrusions that cells use to crawl, spread, or change shape, formed by actin branches.

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by a defective WASP protein that affects actin polymerization and immune function.

Intermediate Filaments

Medium-sized fibers made of fibrous proteins, providing mechanical strength and structural integrity to cells.

Keratins

Intermediate filaments found in epithelial cells that strengthen skin, hair, and nails.

Vimentin

An intermediate filament that supports shape and positioning in mesenchymal cells.

Neurofilaments

Intermediate filaments found in neurons, maintaining axon diameter and aiding signal conduction.

Latrunculin A

An actin-targeting drug that sequesters actin monomers, preventing polymerization.

Colchicine

An anti-mitotic drug derived from autumn crocus that binds tubulin to prevent microtubule polymerization.

Taxol (Paclitaxel)

An anti-mitotic drug derived from the Pacific yew tree that stabilizes microtubules and blocks depolymerization.

Listeria monocytogenes

A bacterium that hijacks the host's actin cytoskeleton for movement within and between cells.

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS)

A genetic disorder where the epidermis blisters easily due to mutations affecting keratin intermediate filaments.