ALAT animals Gestations lengths, type of sexual cycle type etc...

sexual cycle type of ferrets:

monoestrous (continous estrus until bred); seasonal ; induced ovulator

sexual cycle type of cats:

polyestrous, seasonal and induced ovulator

sexual cycle type of goats

polyestrous, seasonal or nonseasonal by breed

sexual cycle type of dogs

monoestrous (spring/fall)

sexual cycle type of rabbits

no distinct estrous cycle, periodic receptivivty, induced ovulator

sexual cycle type of swine

polyestrous, nonseasonal

sexual cycle type of zebrafish

nonseasonal, dawn stimulates mating

4 generations to maintain heterogzygosity for (outbred/inbred) which is a CLOSED population

outbred

20 generations are acheived for (outbred/ Inbred)

inbrede

what do electronic recording devices record

respiration and heart rate in mice because they are too fastsin

since mice,rats, guinea pigs do not vomit, they are NOT required to fast because feed and water are not withheld prior to anesthesia, if they do it will make them prone to what?

dehydration and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

“nude mice” have what type of genetic defect?

immunodeficient + hairless

mice do not breed until

50 days +

when is the fertile estrus in mice?

14-28 hrs after parturition

gestation length for mice

19-21 days

mucous plugs are visible in which animals

mice,

gestation cycle type for mice?

spontaneous ovulators (4-5 days)

outbred for rats (rattus norvegicus)

Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, Long evans

anatomical feature that distinguishes them from mice is …?

they lack a gallbladder

rats are in estrus every

4-5 days

two mating methods in rats

monogamous and polygamous

gestation length in rats

21-23 days

mice grows fur and eyes open within 10-14 days, rats however grow fur and open their eyes at what age?

1 week

tickling in rats is a natural behavior stroking what parts

nape and abdomen

cervical disloaction in rats is less common since they are more heavier than mice, what is the weight limit for rats?

<200 g

Hamsters are very (aggressive / docile)

aggressive

unusual anatomical feature in hamsters

cheek pouch, as it lacks a lymphatic vessel making them ideal for studies for tumor and tissue transplant

what is the scent gland/flank organ in hamsters?

secretes musk like fluid for sexual attration and territorial marking

BOTH males and female hamsters have a scent gland, where are they located and what is the difference btwn males and females flank organ

located on right and left dorsalateral flank where in males it is darkly pigmented sin with black bristly hair and females have softer and less noticebale hair

what drug should NEVER be used for hamsters and guinea pigs? as it can kill them

penicillin (kills good bacteria)

which animal hibernates at 41*F (5*C)

mesocricetus auratus (hamsters)

what are the 4 mating types for hamsters

hand breeding, harem, intermitten, monogamous

what does the mother do when she senses danger in hamsters

hides them in her cheeks

when its a first time mother in mesocricetus auratus, how long should you keep them undisturbed

7 days

hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) are fastidious animals meaning what

chose one corner for water and another corner for feed storage

gestation length for hamsters

15-18 days

in mesocricetus auratus housing, how tall should their walls be?

up to 6 inches because they like to jump alot

gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) are also called

jirds or dessert rats

which rodent are used for dental research

meriones unguiculatus because they are prone to get cavities

sexual dimorphisim in meriones unguiculatus (gerbils)

ventral marking gland

which animal are seizures hereditary up to 20%-50%?

meriones unguiculatus (gerbils)!! as early as 2 months

meriones unguiculatus (gerbils) are verryy loyal where the breeding type of monogamous and should be formed 9-10 weeks of age. what would happen if their cagemate dies or gets removed?

they become depressed and will not form new partner

what do males meriones unguiculatus (gerbils) do around mating time?

thumping their feet

do female meriones unguiculatus (gerbils) have a vaginal plug?

yes but its too small

what is one main enrichment for meriones unguiculatus (gerbils)

burrowing at least 3-5 cm deep

meriones unguiculatus (gerbils) are prone to what which is why we should have low volume at all times around them

seizures!

which animal supplements should be on the floor of nursing animals because young cannot reach hopper

meriones unguiculatus (gerbils)

Meriones unguiculatus (gerbils) are the least aggressive, and activity is during day and night, but when is their peak?

the peak is in the middle of the dark cycle.

what type of hold is best for Meriones unguiculatus (gerbils)

V-hold

gestation length for Meriones unguiculatus (gerbils)

24-26 days

Meriones unguiculatus (gerbils) (do or do not) produce a lot of waste

do not! becuase they are desert rats, so they are able to conserve water like camels which is why their supplements are on the floor of the cages

Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) have a similar anatomic feature as humans, what is it?

ears

in Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) their molars and incisors grow unlike mice and rats where only the incisors grow. in guinea pigs, which gros first? and what can that result in

molar grows first leading to locked jaws

what is a female and male Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) called

sow (female)

boar (male)

Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) sows are what type of breeding type

polyestrus : breed all year long

how long is the gestation for Cava porcellus (guinea pigs)

59-72 days

how long should you wait to breed Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) for first time sows

7 months because their pelvic bones are still fused and may break at birth

what can happen in Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) at birth

dystocia and toxemia which reduced appetite and lowers energy, (toxemia) blood poison

Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) are born precocial, when should you wean a breeding male?

after 21 days! because if you wean earlier, it reduced the sperm quality

what circadium rhythm do Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) follow

12:12

Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) are sensitive to high humidity as it can lead to what

respiratory infections

what irritates airway in Cava porcellus (guinea pigs)

low humidity and dust

Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) are prone to what foot issues if they have wire bottom cages?

bumble foot

Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) take huge loads of feces and urine which increases alkalinity and needs to be treated with what to fully clean it

acid descaler

Cava porcellus (guinea pigs) cannot synthesize vitamin C so they need it in their diets, otherwise they can get what

scurvy which is fatal if not treated

(~10mg normal adult)

(~20mg if pregnant)

female oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) Is a

doemal

male oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) is called a

buck

newborn oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) are called

kits

what do oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) use to thermoregulate

they use their ears!

oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) have a (heavy/light) skeleton

light (8% of body weight)

oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) preform a behavior which consists of them eating their own night feces, which is known as what

coprophagy, since their shits consists of protein and B vitamins

oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) have a second pair of upper incisors which is also called the …?

peg teeth

what type of breeding do oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) have

induced ovulators

oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) doe have a special feature that bucks do not have, what is it

a dewlap

oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) are prone to get BACK problems, hence where should you pick them up>

support hindqrts and never by the ears

during parturition, oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) need a what as its essential for the doe to build her nest

nest box, she also used her hair from dewlap

what issue is common in oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) which is why we need to change their cages frequently

hair accumulation and blockage of GI track

ideal temp for oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits)

16*C - 22*C (61-72*F)

why do we place urine on the head of a doe oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) when they are young

to pair a buck and doe at a young age, this is called a urine test

oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) are fed in a (J-feeder or a V-feeder)

J feeder

oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) are NOT fed ad libitum, why?

it will cause obesity so we give them 50 kg PER day

what type of euthanasia method is not used for oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits)

CO2 fixation because they are known to hold their breaths so the use of OD of barbiturates is preferred

What are Felis catus (cats) noticeable traits?

retractable claws and purring

what is Felis catus (cats) sexual cycle type

polyestrus, seasonal, induced ovulators. Meaning they have cycles multiple times per breeding season, only during long day seasons (spring/summer) and relealse eggs after mating… in short cycles every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer but only if she is mated

Felis catus (cats) can be mated in Pairs or Harmen, for how long

1 week to 10 days

how longn is Felis catus (cats) estrus

1-4 days w mating and 1-10 days without matingl

lordosis is common in what animal and what is it

Felis catus (cats), which is a behavior done by females when they are ready to get mounted

what type of restraint is best for Felis catus (cats)

minimal!! or by scruffing neck and supporting hind legs

kittens are (altricial / precocial)

altricial they are blind

what is the last option of restraint for Felis catus (cats)

catch pole (on ly for emergency situationsFelis catus (cats)

Felis catus (cats) are prone to what disease? and where is it found?

Urinary tract disease and found in urine and reproductive tract

Felis catus (cats) are STRICTLY carnivores meaning what?

need high animal based protein since they cannot synthesize Taurine and deficiency leads to blindness and heart failure

how much moisture does Felis catus (cats) protein diet contain:

Dry feed:

Semi-moist:

Canned feed:

10-12% moisture

20-25% moisture

70-80 % moisture

what are some signs of pain and distress in Felis catus (cats)

growl/hiss, isolation, head tilt, hunched posture, ungroomed

euthanasia for Felis catus (cats) is done by

OD of barbitureates and keeping record of ID tag for 1 yr then resusing it after 5 yrs

the most common dog used for lab animal use

beagle

dogs are used to study orthopedic and

cardiovascular

canis familaris have specialized Teeth meaning what

they can digesgt bones and meat as they are primary carnivores

canis familaris also have a nictitating membrane for eye protection and because they have a intracocular reflecting, they can see …

lower illumination

in a bitch (canis familaris dog) estrus occurs every

7-8 months