Health Science (unit 2)

What events lead to changes in health care?

Wars, pandemics, new tech and changing demographics

What are some new health related changes?

new drugs, revising treatments, new diseases

Why must health care workers be aware of changes?

to provide safe and ethical care

What are some current trends in health care?

cost containment, home health care, tech influence, and societal shifts

What is cost containment?

Controlling rising healthcare healthcare costs while achieving max benefit for even dollar spent.

When was the Affordable Care Act passed?

2010

What are the 4 parts of the Affordable Care Act

1. everyone must be insured

2. everyone must get insurance

3. help to pay

4. more fair rules

What is the goal of the ACA?

To get more people on insurance and cut on the cost of medicine

What are 4 technological advances that add to the cost of health care?

1. organ transplants

2. artificial hearts

3. computers for examine internal body parts

4. advanced tech prolongs life but increase need for lifelong care

How does an aging population increase health care cost?

an increase use of pharmaceuticals, more chronic diseases, and a greater demand for healthcare services

What are health related lawsuits?

when the doctor doesn’t do the correct practices for the patient so they use defensive medicine which is ordering unnecessary tests to avoid lawsuits

What is defensive medicine?

ordering unnecessary tests to avoid lawsuits

What are the consequences of high cost?

it limits services to those who can pay and reduces access for those unable to pay

What is a Diagnostic Related Group (DRG)

a Congressional attempt to control medicare/medicaid costs

What are Hospital-Acquired Conditions?

conditions acquired in hospitals

What is medicare?

care for elderly

What is fee-for-service?

payment per service or treatment rendered

What is value-based care?

bundled payments for each diagnosis/treatment type

What are HMOs and PPOs?

share services and lower costs per patient

What is the combination of services?

agencies combine services to avoid duplication (labs or clinics)

What are outpatient services?

receiving care without hospital admission

What is mass/bulk purchasing?

buying in large quantities at reduced cost

What are early intervention preventive services?

preventing illness is more cost-effective than treating it through education, immunizations, physical exams or screening

What are energy conservation?

monitor and reduce energy use

What is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality?

the purpose was to improve quality, accessibility equity and affordability of care

What is the Healthcare workers role?

to maintain quality while minimizing waste

What is the Healthcare consumers role?

take responsibility, know options, and prevent illness

What is home health care?

it is when a doctor comes to your house to help and is a lower cost than hospital stays

What are advantages of home health care?

a lower cost, a familiar environment for patient and promotes independence and recovery

What is geriatric care?

health care for old people

What is the goal of geriatric care?

to meet physical, social, and emotional needs of older adults

What 2 factors contribute to the growth of geriatric care?

a longer life expectancy and the “baby boom” generation aging

What are the 4 examples of geriatric care facilities or services?

adult day care centers, retirement communities, assisted living facilities, long-term care facilities

What is telemedicine?

a virtual doctor appointment

What are 2 methods of telemedicine?

the interactive video conferencing for consultations and exams and transmission of medical images and data to specialists

What are the benefits of telemedicine?

a increased access to care for rural or underserved areas, decreased need for patient travel, and quicker specialist consultations

What are 3 applications of telemedicine?

remote monitoring of chronic conditions, follow up appointments, and emergency services support

Define wellness

keeping the whole machine (body) tuned up, body, feelings, friends, brain and soul

What are 5 different types of wellness?

body, feelings, friends, brain, and soul

What is the definition of Complementary and Alternative methods of health care?

health care practices not traditionally performed in conventional medicine, often combined with standard treatment

What are 6 examples of CAM therapies?

ayurvedic practitioners, Chinese medicine practitioners, chiropractors homeopaths, hypnotherapists, and naturopaths

What is Pandemic preparedness?

preparing for a pandemic

What are 2 historical examples of pandemics?

Covid 19 and 1918 influenza

What is biotechnogly?

use of genetic and biochemical processess to develop products and technologies in healthcare

What are the potential benefits of biotechnology?

more effective treatments,and personalized medicine tailored to genetic profile

What are the 4 different types of Hospitals?

general, specialized, government funded, and university hospitals

What are long term care facilities?

it is for people who can’t live alone

What are the different types of long term care facilities?

a nursing home, assisted living centers, and independent living communities

What services are provided at long term care facilities?

personal care, meals, basic medical care, and social support

what are medical offices?

checkups

What is concierge medicine?

a monthly “subscription” for a doctor

What are dental offices?

for mouth problems

What are clinics?

mini hospitals

What do clinics include?

surgical clinics, urgent care centers, rehabclinics, and specialty centers

What are optical centers?

eye care

What are emergency care services?

for sudden illness or harmful things that happen

What do emergency care services include?

ambulance services, ER departments, helicopter transport, and urgent care clinics

What are laboratories?

used for doing dianostic tests

What is a hospice?

for people who have a life expectancy of under 6 months

What are mental health facilities?

for people with mental illnesses

What are genetic counseling centers?

is to help understand genetic conditions

What are rehabilitation centers?

is to help patients gain independence

What do rehabilitation centers include?

physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and recreational therapy

What do HMOs emphasize?

emphasize preventive care

What are industrial health centers?

large workplaces or industries

What do industrial health centers provide?

basic medical care, health screenings, emergency care and safety education 

What are school health services?

services found in schools and colleges

What is the World Health Organization?

disease monitoring

What US department of Health and Human services?

oversees national health programs

What is the NIH?

sports medical research

What is the CDC?

prevents and controls disease outbreaks

What is the FDA

regluates food drugs and medical devices

What is the AHRQ?

improves health care quality and efficiency

What is OSHA?

enforces workplace safety standards

What is the ONC?

promotes secure electronic health records

What are state and local health departments?

provide immunizations inspections and education

What is voluntary and non profit agency?

funded through donations, fundraisers and grants and are helpers of healthcare

What are three things associated with the cost of health care?

1. major concern for everyone who needs health services

2. health care costs are over 17% of the gross national product

3. Costs increasing faster than other living costs

What is health insurance?

money to pay for care

What is premium?

fee paid to insurance company and it can be monthly or annually 

What is coverage?

amount company pays for covered services

What is deductible?

amount paid by patient before insurance pays

What is coinsurance?

specific percentages shared to pay for the bill

What is co-payment?

flat fee per service like 20 dollars per service 

What is different sources of insurance?

employer based plans and private policies

What are the advantages of a HMO?

cheaper

What are the disadvantages of a HMO?

expensive