beethoven symphony no/9 in d

date

1824

overall form and 4th mvt/finale

drama of this symphony is heightened by the lasy mvt which starts with an aggressive brass and woodwind fortissimo. ‘shriek of pain’. he then quotes from previous mvts (interspersed with a monophonic idea on cellos and basses that is marked to be played with a character of a recitative. cellos then introduce a simple melody - ode to joy. becomes increasingly complex and polyphonic. then the shriek returns. this can be interpreted as a rejection of traditional symphonic developemnt. then dramatic intervention of solo voice singing. then the ode to joy set for soloists and chorus. ends in d major choral and orchestral glory. the finale integrates features from previous mvts, finale is a major key solution to minor key problems (tragedy to triumph), increasing use of resources make more impact with the choir added

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