unit 8 quiz apworld

cartography

mapmaking; improved nav.

causes of global shift in demographics

shortages- job and food shortages led people to settle in new areas; primogeniture laws; discrimination/oppression- religious minorities, looking for people who were tolerant; longing for adventure and glory- eager to settle in new areas

primogeniture laws

gave all of each state to oldest son, pushed spare heirs to exploration ventures to earn money and land

magnetic compass

developed in china, for reckoning direction

atrolabe

determines latitude and longitude, 1st developed by arabs/greeks

lateen sail

triangular shaped sail, takes wind on either side, allowed for more precise sailing

astronomical charts

diagrams of stars and constellations, sailors knew where they were, muslins built on the work of classical greek astronomy

caraval

portugal, smaller more nimble and navigable on the water, equipped with cannons + speed and agility= good fighting ships

carracks

portugal, much larger and more cargo, could carry more guns

fluyt

dutch, designed exclusively for trade-massive cargo hold and small crew, cheap to build, responsible for 1/2 of all europe's shipping tonnage

galleon

ship developed out of carrack in early 15th-16th century, longer and lower and narrower hull, spanish adopted in 16th century and became an armed merchant ship