Biology 286: Introduction to Ecology and Evolution - Lecture 10 and Subsequent Topics

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts across different topics in ecology and evolution discussed in the lecture notes.

Polyandry

A mating system in which each female mates with multiple males during a breeding season.

Social Reciprocity

The mutual exchange of goods or actions, typically within species that recognize individuals.

Phylogeny

A diagram showing the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms.

Principle of Parsimony

A method that favors the simplest explanation with the least number of evolutionary changes.

Homologous Characters

Traits that are similar due to shared ancestry across different species.

Analogous Characters

Traits that serve similar functions but evolved independently in different lineages.

Homoplasy

The presence of similar traits in different species that do not share a common ancestor.

Convergent Evolution

The independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.

Parallel Evolution

Similar phenotypes arise from similar developmental origins in different species.

Taxon

Any named group of species.

Clade

A taxon that includes all descendants of a common ancestor.

Biological Species

A group of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Subspecies

Groups of phenotypically similar populations isolated geographically but not sufficiently distinct to be considered separate species.

Microsatellites

Repetitive DNA sequences used in genetic analysis to study population structure.

Introgression

The transfer of genetic material between species through hybridization and backcrossing.

Homoploid Hybrid

A hybrid species formed without changes in chromosome number.

Adaptive Radiation

Rapid diversification of species from a common ancestor, typically following a reduction in competition.

Iteroparity

A reproductive strategy wherein an organism reproduces multiple times throughout its life.

Semelparity

A reproductive strategy where an organism reproduces only once in its lifetime.