Untitled Flashcards Set

Prokaryotic Cells

Smaller, simpler cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells

Larger, more complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that houses genetic material (DNA) and regulates protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis, composed of RNA and proteins where mRNA is translated into polypeptides.

Endomembrane System

Includes the nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and plasma membrane; modifies, packages, and transports lipids and proteins.

Mitochondria

Double-membraned organelles known as the cell's powerhouse that produce ATP through aerobic respiration.

Chloroplasts

Double-membraned organelles that conduct photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

Cytoskeleton

A network that provides structural support, facilitates transport, and enables cell movement, composed of microtubules, actin microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Microtubules

Hollow tubes in the cytoskeleton that provide rigidity and transport tracks for organelles.

Actin Microfilaments

Thin fibers involved in muscle contraction and alterations in cell shape.

Intermediate Filaments

Components of the cytoskeleton that provide mechanical support and stabilize cell structures.

Plant Cell Walls

Rigid structures composed mainly of cellulose that provide structural support and define cell shape.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A flexible network of proteins and polysaccharides in animal cells that supports cellular functions, communication, and attachment.

Plasmodesmata

Intercellular junctions in plant cells that allow transport of substances between cells.

Tight Junctions

Intercellular junctions in animal cells that prevent leakage and allow for adhesion between neighboring cells.

Anchoring Junctions

Intercellular junctions that provide mechanical support and adhesiveness between neighboring cells.

Gap Junctions

Intercellular junctions in animal cells that allow communication and transport of materials between neighboring cells.