O2 & CO2 Transport Vocabulary

This collection of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to O2 and CO2 transport, essential for understanding the lecture on respiratory physiology.

Gas Transport

The process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa.

Oxygen transport

98.5% bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells, 1.5% dissolved in plasma.

Carbon dioxide transport

90% hydrated to form carbonic acid, 5% bound to proteins, 5% dissolved as gas in plasma.

Oxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin bound to oxygen.

Deoxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin without oxygen.

Carboxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide.

Anemia

Condition characterized by low hemoglobin concentration.

Polycythemia

Condition characterized by high RBC count and high hemoglobin concentration.

Erythropoietin

Hormone produced by kidneys to stimulate hemoglobin and RBC production.

Hypoxia

Condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.

Percent Oxy-Hemoglobin Saturation

Percentage of oxyhemoglobin to total hemoglobin in blood.

Bohr effect

Decrease in hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen at lower pH, enhancing oxygen unloading.

2,3-BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate)

A byproduct of red blood cell metabolism that increases oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin.

Sickle Cell Disease

Genetic disorder resulting from a mutation in hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to sickle.

Myoglobin

A red pigment found in striated muscle cells with a higher oxygen affinity than hemoglobin.

Dissociation Curve

Graph showing the relationship between oxygen binding and release by hemoglobin.

Chloride Shift

Process where bicarbonate ions diffuse out of red blood cells, and chloride ions diffuse in.

Carbamino-hemoglobin

Form of hemoglobin that is loosely bound with carbon dioxide.

Carbonic anhydrase

Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water.

Reverse Chloride Shift

Process where bicarbonate enters red blood cells, and chloride ions leave.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.