HISTOPATH Exam 3 reviewer

Janus Green B

Intravital staining is performed to asses mitochondrial activity in living cells. To visualize mitochondria, which stain is used?

Methylene Blue

Examined: Sputum sample for malignant cells. Enhance nuclear detail, basic nuclear stain is used. Also effective for staining plasma cells, which stain is used?

Cochineal dyes

Picroramine is used in neuropathological studies.

Picrocramine

Used in neuropathological studies.

Vital staining

This technique entails the use of specific dyes.

Potassium permanganate

Is not commonly used in bluing histological staining?

Deionized

It does not use sodium iodate as ripening agent.

Congo Red

Research study on embryonic nerve development. The goal is to highlight axis cylinders in embryonic tissue sections. Which stain is appropriate?

Regressive Staining

Staining technique: 1st overstained and excess stain is removed or decolorized from the unwanted parts?

Add sodium perborate

A medical technologist observes weak nuclear staining with hematoxylin during routine H&E staining. Suspecting incomplete ripening, which of the following should be done to restore staining quality?

Indirect staining

tissue-mordant-dye complex is needed in:

Janus green

Not commonly used dye for supravital staining?

Aniline Blue

A medical technologist is performing histological staining on epithelial tissue sections and needs a cytoplasmic stain for counterstaining. Which of the following dyes is commonly used for this purpose?

Methyl Green

NOT a metachromatic stain?

Treating the section with potassium carbonate to oxidize residual stain

A histotechnologist is tasked with re-staining an old tissue section that has faded over time. The section is already mounted with a coverslip, and the goal is to remove the old stain and re-stain the fresh one. Which of the following steps is NOT part of the re-staining process?

Orcein

This is an excellent stain for elastic fibers (Turner Unna), especially recommended in dermatological studies due to its ability to demonstrate the finest and most delicate fibers in the dermis:

Natural

Ripening agent for Harris' hematoxylin:

Wright stain

This stain causes blood cells to exhibit four major staining properties that allow cell types to be distinguished:

Cresyl Violet

A histotechnologist is performing a special stain for amyloid on a frozen tissue section and needs a nuclear or chromatin stain that can also be used for platelets in blood smears. Which of the following stains is most appropriate?

Accentuators

This accelerates or hastens the speed of the staining power and selectivity of the dye:

Copper hematoxylin

It is utilized for the study of spermatogenesis:

Auxochromes

This term is considered as dyeing property for synthetic dyes:

Eosin

A histotechnologist is performing routine histopathological staining and needs a counterstain that provides a pleasing contrast to nuclear stains. Which of the following is routinely used for this purpose?

Weigert

Alum Hematoxylin

Mallory

Iron Hematoxylin

Heidenhain

Tungshen Hematoxylin

three forms and Eosin B

It has ________, with _______ being the most commonly used.

Differentiation and Decolorization

A histotechnologist is performing a regressive staining technique, where the tissue is initially overstained and then treated to selectively remove excess stain, ensuring that a specific structure remains distinctly colored. What is the correct term for this process?

Orcein

A Medtech on duty needs to selectively stain unsaturated lipids and lipoproteins, such as myelin. Which of the following stains is best suited for this purpose?

freeze substitution

Freezing technique at 160C before sectioning

allows rapid diagnosis during surgery

Primary advantage of frozen sectioning

Sudan III

Which of the following was the first Sudan dye introduced into histochemistry?

Malachite Green

contrast stain used to stain bacterial spores?

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Stain

commonly used for frozen sections and is also used as a nerve stain?

Ground substance

The phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) is useful for demonstrating:

Cresyl Violet

A neuropathologist receives a frozen brain tissue section from a patient suspected of having neurodegenerative disease. To examine the neuronal cytoplasm and Nissl bodies, which stain should be used?

Oxidation

Ripening of hematoxylin is the process of:

Lugol’s iodine

A histotechnologist needs to remove mercuric pigment artifacts left behind by a mercury-based fixative in a tissue sample. Which of the following reagents should be used?

Sudan Black B

A pathologist is examining a fatty liver biopsy and wants to use a stain that is soluble in lipids. Which stain was most likely used?

Hematoxylin

Ms. Abegael, the medtech on duty, prefers to use a natural dye extracted from plants or animals for tissue staining. Which of the following dyes would be suitable?

Tungsten

NOT commonly used as a mordant in combination with hematoxylin?

Perl's Prussian Blue

A pathologist is examining a liver biopsy for hematoidin deposits in a patient with suspected iron overload. Which of the following staining methods is most appropriate for detecting hematoidin?

None

A neuropathologist is analyzing a brain biopsy for myelin sheath integrity in a patient with suspected multiple sclerosis. Which stain is used to visualize the myelin sheath?

None

stain is used for detecting histones?

Warthin-Starry

A medtech is examining a tissue sample for spirochetes in a suspected case of syphilis or Lyme disease. Which stain is best for detecting spirochetes?

Alcian Blue

A histotechnologist is tasked with identifying acid mucopolysaccharides in a tissue sample. Which stain is most appropriate?

Black

Levaditi's Stain result:

Red

Osmium Tetroxide Stain result:

Yellow

Tartrazine Stain result:

Green

Langhan’s Iodine Stain result:

Blue

Weigert’s Hematoxylin Stain result:

Adhesive mixtures are spread thickly on a clean, greasy slide.

Which statement best describes the principle behind using a tissue adhesive?

25 mL

How much egg white should be measured into the Erlenmeyer flask in preparing tissue adhesive?

Glycerol

What is mixed with the egg white to prepare the Adhesive?

Thymol Crystal

Addition of this prevents mold growth in prepared slide with tissue adhesive?

It is easy to make, convenient, and inexpensive.

Why is Mayer’s Egg Albumin commonly used as a tissue adhesive in the laboratory?

Refrigerator

How should the prepared adhesive mixture be stored?

It is filtered through coarse filter paper into a clean bottle.

How is the adhesive mixture processed after mixing egg white and glycerol?

To filter clumps of egg white and artifacts

What is the purpose of using a filter paper when transferring the prepared tissue adhesive into a clean bottle?

Loss of patient identity

A technician trims a block without noting the identification number. What is the risk?

Re-chill the block and restart trimming

The section keeps falling apart even after clearing the blade. What else can you try?

Adhesive mixtures are spread thinly on a clean, grease-free slide

Which statement best describes the principle behind using a tissue adhesive?

Pull Apart Technique

What technique was used to prepare tissue adhesive in the slide?

Gelatin 1%

natural adhesive mixed with water, glycerol, and phenol crystals?

Mayer's Egg Albumin

Most common tissue adhesive?

Promotes background staining

What can be a disadvantage of using albumin-based adhesives?

To ensure proper adhesion to the slide

During slide preparation, why must tissue sections be properly dried before staining?

Heating slides in a 60°C oven before staining

Which technique improves tissue adhesion?

Trimming knife

What is used to remove excess wax from the tissue block?

The block is frozen

What happens after pressing the block into place with a spatula?

15-20 minutes

What is the recommended cooling duration of tissue blocks?

To create a consistent texture

Why is cooling both the tissue and wax important?

5 μm

What is the fine trimming thickness set on a microtome?

20–30°

What angle is the knife typically tilted to create a clearance angle?

Block size model

Cutting rate depends on all of the following EXCEPT:

4–6 μm

Routine histology typically uses sections that are:

Frozen Section Biopsy

A 36-year-old female diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer is undergoing breast conserving surgery, which includes a partial mastectomy. The surgeon requests that the surgical margin be examined in real-time to ensure cancerous tissue is fully excised. Which of the following biopsy techniques would most appropriately be performed to assess the surgical margins in real-time?