Blood and Heart Anatomy Part I

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Blood and Heart Anatomy lecture, including hormone mnemonics, blood functions, blood components, plasma proteins, hemostasis, and various cardiovascular concepts.

What is the mnemonic for hormones related to reproduction and growth in the endocrine system?

FLAT PEG, where F stands for FSH, L for LH, A for ACTH, T for TSH, P for PRL, E for Endorphins, G for GH.

What are the major functions of blood?

Transportation of nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and waste products; regulation of body temperature, pH, and fluid balance; protection against infections and blood loss.

What type of connective tissue is blood?

Blood is classified as a liquid connective tissue.

What are the formed elements in blood?

The formed elements include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.

List and briefly describe the three plasma proteins.

Albumins (maintain osmotic pressure), globulins (immune function), and fibrinogen (blood clotting).

What is hemolysis?

The process of recycling red blood cells (RBCs) involves their breakdown and removal of heme components.

What is hemostasis?

The process of blood clotting to stop bleeding.

What characterizes the surface of a red blood cell?

Antigens, which determine blood group types.

What is the average lifespan of red blood cells?

Approximately 120 days.

What are the two cell lines produced by hematopoietic stem cells?

Myeloid and lymphoid cell lines.

What are the steps involved in blood clotting?

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation, and clot retraction.

What are the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and back; the systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Where do you find oxyhemoglobin?

In the blood, particularly within red blood cells after oxygen has been bound.

What factors can cause anemia?

Causes of anemia include nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, and inherited disorders.

What is carbonic anhydrase?

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons.

Describe the pericardium.

The pericardium is a double-walled sac surrounding the heart, consisting of a fibrous layer and a serous layer.