Unit 2 Organelles (BIO)

Organelles association

Plasma Membrane

Made up of Phospholipids (fatty tails→ Phobic/ Heads→ Phillic), proteins (peripheral and Integral), cholesterol (allows fluidity), receptor proteins (docking center)

→ semipermeable and selective, only small nonpolar (equally sharing charged molecules) molecules can pass through easily

→Described as Fluid Mosaic Model

→ Has channel proteins allowing for entrance of ions, water, and other molecules

Nucleus

Prokaryotes- no nucleus and has circular Chromosomes

Eukaryotes- holds genetic information, site of mitosis and meiosis in cell

Regulates Gene expression

Ribosomes

SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

1 large and one small subunit, made up of Rrna

They are either floating or connected to Rough ER

Endoplasmic Recticulum

A channel throughout the cytoplasm main mechanism of transport and has 2 different sections

Rough ER- is rough because it has ribosomes attached to it, and it compartmentalizes the cell

Smooth ER- no ribosomes makes lipids, hormones, and detoxes the cell by breaking down toxins and harmful compounds

Golgi Complex

Next step in protein delivery after Rough ER ( Nucleus→ Ribosomes→ Rough ER→ Golgi)

PACKAGING AND DISTRIBUTION CENTER

Does this by using vesicles and then sends them to the membrane

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Originated from prokaryotes

evidence of endosymbiosis theory

has its own DNA along with chloroplasts

Lysosomes

Carry digestive enzymes and essentially clean up the cell

Enzymes are harmful for the cell, during apoptosis they burst and these enzymes destroy the cell

Vacuoles

Cell storage

Peroxisomes

Detox the cell

(produce hydrogen peroxide as byproduct of detox)

Cytoskeleton

Cell shape determined by Protein fibers in cytoskeleton

Microtubules- important in cell division and movement

Microfilaments- allow for movement