Chapter 5 Shaping a New Nation

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

2nd Amendment

Right to keep and bear arms

3rd Amendment

No quartering of soldiers

4th Amendment

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

5th Amendment

Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination

6th Amendment

The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person

7th Amendment

Right to a trial by jury in civil cases

8th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

13th Amendment

Abolition of slavery

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th Amendment

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment

prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex.

21st Amendment

Amendment which ended the Prohibition of alcohol in the US, repealing the 18th amendment

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

Land Ordinance of 1785

set up a system for surveying and dividing western lands

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.

Shay's Rebellion

Rebellion of farmers led by Daniel Shays in western Massachusetts.

Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes.

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Legislative Branch

the branch of government that makes the laws

Executive Branch

the branch of government that carries out laws

Judicial Branch

the branch of government that interprets laws

Electoral College

the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president

Ratification

the official approval of the Constitution, or of an amendment, by the states

Antifederalists

People who opposed the Constitution and believed in a weaker central government.

Federalists

supporters of the Constitution and of a strong national government

Virginia Plan

"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation based on population.

New Jersey Plan

A constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress

27th Amendment

Limits the power of Congress to increase its own salaries