Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Mood Disorders

a significant and persistent disruptions in mood or emotions that cause impaired cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning, leading to distress and dysfunction.

Major Depressive Disorder (in DSM-5)

Presence of at least five symptoms over a 2-week period of time; one of which must be one or both of the following:

• Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day

• Dramatically reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities most of the time

Bipolar Disorder

a person alternating between depression and a state of mania - characterized by euphoria, excitement, physical energy, rapid thoughts and speech, thought derailment, and inflated self-esteem

Bipolar Manic Behavior

Emotional: Elation, euphoria, extreme sociability, expansiveness, impatience

Cognitive: Distractibility, desire for action, impulsiveness, talkativeness, grandiosity, inflated self-esteem

Motor: Hyperactivity, decreased need for sleep, romantic indiscretion, fluctuating appetite

Bipolar Depressive Behavior

Emotional: Gloominess, hopelessness, social withdrawal, irritability, indecisiveness

Cognitive: Slowness of thought, obsessive worrying about death, negative self-image, delusions of guilt, difficulty on concentrating

Motor: Decreased motor activity, fatigue, difficulty in sleeping, decreased s*x drive, decreased appetite

Schizophrenia

A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

Psychotic disorder

irrational thinking, distorted perceptions, and lost of contact with reality.

Positive Symptoms

Presence of inappropriate thoughts, emotions, or behaviors

Negative Symptoms

Absence of appropriate thoughts, emotions, or behaviors

Schizophrenia Symptoms (S.S.)

• Disturbed Perceptions and Beliefs

• Disorganized Speech and Thinking

• Diminished or Inappropriate Emotions

• Diminished or Inappropriate Behaviors

Disturbed Perceptions and Beliefs

• Hallucinations: Hearing, seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling things that exist only in their mind (+)

• Delusions: False beliefs that are not true in reality (+)

  • Persecution (paranoia), Grandiosity, Mind Control, and more

Disorganized Speech and Thinking

• Breakdown in selective attention leading to thought derailment (difficulty maintaining focus/easily distracted) (+)

• Word salad (senseless speech) (+)

Diminished or Inappropriate Emotions

• Emotions that do not match the situation (+)

• Flat affect: Emotionless, a state of no apparent feeling (-)

• Impaired theory of mind: Difficulty reading other peoples’ facial expressions and states of mind (-)

Diminished or Inappropriate Behaviors

• Inappropriate or disruptive motor behavior (+); senseless, compulsive actions (+)

• Motionless catatonia (frozen posture) or slow motions (-)

• Poor hygiene, apathy, social withdrawal (-)