AP Euro Unit VII: Western Europe after the Peace of Utrecht 1713-1740

Peace of Utrecht

A series of treaties signed in 1713 that ended the War of the Spanish Succession.

Parallel developments in France and Britain post-Utrecht

Similar political and economic changes were occurring in both countries after the Peace of Utrecht, including ineffective kings and a push for commercial expansion.

Duke of Orleans

Regent of France after the death of Louis XIV, known for his controversial policies and governance.

Committees of noblemen

Advisory bodies formed during the Duke of Orleans' regency that allowed noble participation in governance.

Parlements

French regional courts that powerful nobility used to reassert their authority during the regent's administration.

Judicial positions

Positions sold by the Duke of Orleans, which provided revenue and increased noble power.

Parliamentary freedoms

Increased powers of the parlements to approve legislation, taxes, and constitutional matters during Orleans' regency.

French Nobility in the 18th Century

The nobility regained much of their previous influence and power after Louis XIV's death, affecting French policy.

George I

The first British monarch from the House of Hanover, whose accession marked the beginning of a new era in British politics.

Robert Walpole

Recognized as the first 'prime minister' of Great Britain, serving under George I, known for his leadership in the House of Commons.

Tories and Jacobites

Political factions in Britain that sought to restore James II to the throne, opposing the Glorious Revolution's settlement.

Glorious Revolution

The 1688 event that resulted in the overthrow of King James II and the establishment of constitutional monarchy in England.

Mississippi Bubble

An economic scheme in France led by John Law, leading to a financial crash and increased national debt.

South Sea Bubble

An early 18th-century British financial scandal involving the South Sea Company, resulting in widespread financial ruin.

National debt consequences

Following the Mississippi Bubble, France's national debt increased significantly, leading to economic instability.

Financial consequences of bubbles

Both the Mississippi and South Sea bubbles had disastrous financial consequences, but England managed a recovery.