Revision test Feb 27 2025: topic 4.4

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1
What are the different types of aquatic pollutants?
  • toxic metals

  • synthetic compounds

  • hot water

  • oil spills

  • radioactive pollution.

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2
What are three direct methods to test the quality of aquatic systems?
Water temperature, pH, and presence of E. Coli.
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3
What are two indirect methods to test the quality of aquatic systems?
Biological oxygen demand and biotic index of water.
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4
What is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and how is it measured?
BOD is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen required to break down organic material in water, measured in a 5-day incubated sample at 20℃.
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5
Define indicator species and give an example.
Indicator species are organisms that reflect specific environmental conditions; for example, lichen indicates air pollution.
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6
What is the purpose of using biotic indices in pollution measurement?
Biotic indices measure pollution by assessing the impact on species based on their tolerance, diversity, and abundance.
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7
Outline the process of biodegradation leading to methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia.
Biodegradation utilizes oxygen, leading to anoxic conditions and anaerobic decomposition, producing methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia.
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8
Explain the process and impacts of eutrophication.
Eutrophication results from nutrient enrichment, causing algal blooms that block sunlight, leading to anoxic conditions and death of aquatic organisms.
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9
What are the major causes of nutrient enrichment leading to eutrophication?
Causes include industrial nitrogen oxides, natural runoff of nitrates and phosphates, and agricultural runoff from fertilizers and manure.
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10
How can pollution management strategies impact water pollution?
Pollution management strategies can help reduce the levels of pollutants entering aquatic systems and improve water quality.
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