2.3 Carbon Compounds

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

4 valence electrons

What is the special property of Carbon that makes it essential for life on Earth?

One Carbon atom can bond to another, letting it create unlimited Carbon chains

What are the 6 essential elements of all life?

C, H, O, N, P, S

What is the definition of mono, and poly?

mono - one

poly - many

How are most macromolecules made?

Most molecules are made from polymerization.

dehydration reaction

linking monomers together to form a polymer by removing H2O

Hydrolysis reaction

breaking a polymer into monomers by adding H2O

What elements are carbohydrates made of?

C, H, O

What ratio are the elements that make up carbohydrates usually in?

1:2:1

What do most living things use carbohydrates as?

Most use carbs as energy

In cellular respiration, what is glucose converted to?

Glucose is converted to ATP

Monomer of carbs?

Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars

What are polysaccharides?

Many monosaccharides linked together

What do plants store extra sugar as?

Plants store extra sugar as starch

What do animals store extra sugar as?

Animals store extra sugar as glycogen

Besides energy, what is another function of carbs?

Carbohydrates can also be used for structure

What are some carbs in plants and animals that help with structure?

plant: cellulose

animal: chitin