Chapter: 18
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36 Terms
All genetic material comes into one of two forms
DNA or RNA
Nucleic acids
A long chain of nucleotides that store and Kyrie's genetic information
What is heredity?
The passing on of characteristics from one generation to the next
What type of biomolecules are DNA and RNA?
Nucleic acids
What are nucleic acids made of
Nucleotides
Nucleotide
Unit of DNA or RNA made up of nitrogen in space, a sugar and a phosphate
Are the phosphate in DNA and RNA the same?
Yes
What is the sugar in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What is a sugar in RNA?
Ribose
Which is more stable, DNA or RNA?
DNA
Why is DNA more stable?
Because it lacks an oxygen molecule
Where is DNA found?
Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix
What are the four DNA bases?
Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Adenine
What is a purine?
A nitrogenous base that has a double ring structure
What are the purines?
Adenine and guanine
What are pyramidines?
And nitrogen a space that has a single ring structure
What are the pyramidines
Thymine
Cytosine
Where is RNA found?
The nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
RNA function
Translate genetic material and build protein
DNA function
Contains genetic code of an organism
RNA structure
Single stranded
RNA bases
Cytosine
Uracil
Guanine
Adenine
What does uracilr replace?
Thymine
Adenine pairs with - RNA
Uracil
guanine pairs with - RNA
Cytosine
Rhyme for DNA base pairs
Car in the garage
Apple in the tree
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Genetic code
The set of instructions in cells for turning the information in sequences of DNA bases into proteins
Trait
A form of a characteristic
Example of a trait
Black(hair)
Example of a characteristic
Hair
Triplet
A sequence of three DNA bases on a gene that codes for an RNA codon
What does a codon represent?
One of 20 amino acids
codon (mRNA)
A sequence of three RNA bases on a gene that code for a specific amino acid
Anticidon
The sequence of bases in tRNA l bc that is complementary to a specific codon