Unit 2: Cell Structures, Functions, & Processes Advanced Study Guide

cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

Organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

cell wall

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

nucleus

Control center of the cell

mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

lysosome

A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.

chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

mitosis

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

chromosome

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

osmosis

diffusion of water

passive transport

The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

active transport

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

cellular respiration

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Structures and functions of organelles

Mitochondrion, Lysosome, Nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm

Inputs and outputs of photosynthesis

Inputs to photosynthesis: CO2, light, H2O
Outputs: sugar, O2

Inputs and outputs of cellular respiration

inputs: Oxygen and Glucose
outputs: Carbon Dioxide, water, ATP

Connection between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Photosynthesis makes glucose which is used in cellular respiration for making ATP

Difference between passive and active transport

Passive doesn't require energy and active does

Reasons for mitosis

growth, repair, asexual reproduction

Organelles found in plant cells

ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, lysosomes, cell wall, chloroplasts

Organelles found in animal cells

ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, lysosomes

Correctly identify the stages of mitosis in the proper order

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Correctly draw and label a plant cell

Correctly draw and label an animal cell