12 DNA - Structure and Function

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18 Terms

1

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

<p>A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.</p>
2

Double helix

Shape of DNA

<p>Shape of DNA</p>
3

Nucleotide

monomer (subunit) of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

<p>monomer (subunit) of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base</p>
4

Phosphate group

group that covalently bonds to the deoxyribose sugar along the sides of DNA

<p>group that covalently bonds to the deoxyribose sugar along the sides of DNA</p>
5

Deoxyribose

A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides

<p>A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides</p>
6

Nitrogenous base

A, T, C, G in the middle of DNA; the order determines traits, or characteristics

<p>A, T, C, G in the middle of DNA; the order determines traits, or characteristics</p>
7

Adenine

The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA, purine structure

<p>The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA, purine structure</p>
8

Thymine

The base that pairs Adenine in DNA, pyrimidine structure

<p>The base that pairs Adenine in DNA, pyrimidine structure</p>
9

Guanine

The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA, purine structure

<p>The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA, purine structure</p>
10

Cytosine

The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA, pyrimidine structure

<p>The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA, pyrimidine structure</p>
11

Purine

double ring nitrogenous bases (A and G)

<p>double ring nitrogenous bases (A and G)</p>
12

Pyrimidine

single-ring nitrogenous bases (C and T)

<p>single-ring nitrogenous bases (C and T)</p>
13

Complementary base pairing

Hydrogen bonding between particular pyrimidines and purines. A&T. C&G.

<p>Hydrogen bonding between particular pyrimidines and purines. A&amp;T. C&amp;G.</p>
14

Hydrogen bonds

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom, holds bases together in the center of the double helical DNA molecule

<p>weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom, holds bases together in the center of the double helical DNA molecule</p>
15

DNA Replication (semi-conservative)

The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.

<p>The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.</p>
16

DNA Helicase

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication

<p>An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication</p>
17

DNA Polymerase

Enzyme involved in DNA replication that adds complementary base pairs and proofreads to check for errors.

<p>Enzyme involved in DNA replication that adds complementary base pairs and proofreads to check for errors.</p>
18

Replication fork

The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand. (Area where replication of DNA occurs)

<p>The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand. (Area where replication of DNA occurs)</p>