Julius Caesar, Marcus Vipspanius Agrippa, Octavian + Mark Antony, Vercingetorix

born 63 BC

when was Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa born

died March in 12 BC

when Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa died

Argippa

Deputy of Augustus; responsible for the victory over Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium 31 BC

Mark Antony’s brother Lucius

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa fought against who in 41-40 BC

in 36 BC, he won two naval victories, ending the threat from Pompeius

why Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was awarded a golden crown

the Pantheon

What temple Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa built in mid-20s BC

in the winter of 13-12, got a fatal illness and died March of 12 BC

how Marcus Vipasanius Agrippa died

He served as one of Octavian’s key military and commanded the victorious fleet

how Agrippa was responsible for Octavian’s victory at the Battle of Actium

born July 12/13 of 100 BC

when was Iulius Caesar born

Iulius Caesar

conqueror of Gaul (58-50 BC); Victor in the civil war (49-45 BC); dictator (46-44 BC)

genes Julii

Caesar’s family; patricians; lineage traced back to the goddess Venus

Gaius Caesar

Julius Caesar’s father

Aurelia

Julius Caesar’s mother

Cornelia, daughter of Lucius Cornelius Cinna

who Julius Caesar first married; who’d daughter was she?

Lucius Cornelius Sulla demanded he divorce Cornelia

in 83 BC, who returned to Italy and ordered Caesar to divorce Cornelia-which Caesar refused to do

he was captured by pirates

What happened to Caesar on his way to Rhodes to study under a famous professor

he had them crucified

What Caesar had done to the pirates who’d captured him

died in 69/68 BC

when Caesar’s wife Cornelia and his aunt Julia died

Pompeia, a distant relative of Pompey and the granddaughter of dictator Sulla

Caesar’s second wife after Cornelia died

a scandal was caused by Publius Clodius in Caesar’s house; she was rumored to have committed adultery

why Caesar divorced Pompeia

first triumvirate

Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Magnus Pompey, Marcus Licinius Crassus joined in sectret

in 59 BC, Pompey married Caesar’s child Julia

what Pompey did to seal his alliance with caesar

Married Calpurnia

Caesar’s third wife (daughter of Lucius Piso who became consul in 58 BC)

crossed the Rubicon, sparking a civil war

What bridge Caesar’s army marched across in 49 BC; separated Gaul and Rome

when Caesar’s daughter Julia and Crassus died in 54 and 53 BC

when the first triumvirate fell apart

battle of Pharsauls, Greece in 48 BC

in what battle did Caesar’s legions defeat Pompey’s army, though outnumbered, in 48 BC

pharaoh Ptolemy XIII

who assassinated Pompey when he fled to Egypt

drowned in the Nile River while fleeing the Battle of the Nile in 47 BC

how Ptolemy XIII died

sided with Cleopatra in Egypt’s civil war

With whom Caesar sided with in Egypt civil war

Ptolemy XV/ Caesarion

Caesar and Cleopatra’s son

declared himself dictator for life

after being named dictator of Rome for 10 years in 46 BC, Caesar declared himself what the following year

Ides of March

Another name for the day Julius Caesar was assassinated

they believed Caesar’s  concentration of absolute power threatened the republic’s institution 

why the senators plotted Caesar’s murder

March 15 of 44 BC

Date of Julius Caesar’s assassination

Gaius Cassius Longinus

 the moving spirit in the plot to murder Caesar and the one who struck him in the face

Marcus Junius Brutus

To whom Caesar said ‘Et tu, Brute?’ in response to being stabbed

Caesar’s heir, Augustus, emerged from a lengthy war as Rome’s supreme leader after purging his enemies and murdering Caesar’s assassins 

result of Caesar’s assassination

his heir was Augustus

Caesar’s heir

445 days

how many days long was the year 46 BC

took effect on January 1 of 45 BC

when the Julian calendar took effect

the month Quintilis was renamed July

after Caesar’s assassination, what the name of his birth month (Quintilis) was renamed to in his honor

Vercingetorix

A chieftain of the Gallic tribe of the Arverni whose rebellion against Roman rule was crushed by Julius Caesar

in 52 BC, when Caesar had almost completed the subjucation of Gaul

when Vercingetorix led an uprising of the Gauls against Caesar

was named king of Arverni and general of the confederates

Vercingetorix was named king of what

after this defeat, he used guerrilla warfare to harass Caesar’s supply lines and offered to engage Caesar’s forces on terrain unfavorable to the Romans

After a defeat at Noviodunum Biturigum, what did Vercingetorix do

successfully held the Arvernian hill-fort of Gerovia against an assault by Caesar

Vercingetorix held what hill-fort against an assault by Caesar

failed attacking the Roman army and retreated with 80,000 troops to the fortress of Alesia

after successfully holding up a fort against Caesar, Vercingetorix attacked the Roman army, but failed and retreated with 80,000 troops to where

Caesar laid siege to the fortress of Alesia and was able to force its surrender after he had defeated the Gaul’s reserve army in the field

how Vercingetorix was forced to surrender

After this, Vercingetorix was taken to Rome in chains, exhibited in Caesar’s triumph 52 BC, and executed 46 BC

what happened when Caesar forced the surrender of Vercingetorix’s army

Livia

Augustus’ wife who counseled him on affairs of the state

accused of having caused the deaths of many of his rivals in her efforts to secure the imperial succession for her son Terberius, including Augustus’ grandson Agrippa Postumus

Livia is accused of what

married her cousin Tiberius Claudius Nero in 42 BC

who Livia married before Augustus had her divorce to marry him

birthed Tiberius, the future emperor, and Nero Claudius Drusus

Livia’s two kids she had with Tiberius Claudius Nero

assumed the name Julia Augusta

after the death of Augustus, Livia was adopted into his will and assumed what name

played a major role in the cult of the deified Augustus

Livia played a major role in what cult

was deified by her grandson Claudius

Livia was deified by who

Lepidus

A Roman statesman; one of the triumvirs who ruled Rome after 43 BC; Caesar’s magister equitum in 45 and joined the Caesarian side during the Civil War between Caesar and the adherents of Pompey

obtained for Lepidus the office of Pontifexc Maximus

what office Mark Antony obtained for Lepidus

in 43 BC formed a triumvirate with Mark Antony and Octaviani

who Lepidus formed a triumvirate with in 43 BC

In 36 BC, attempted to raise Sicily in revolt against Octavian

in 36 BC, Lepidus attempted to raise what in revolt against Octavian (his soldiers deserted his cause and he was removed from membership in the triumvirate)