Literary Genre in Focus: The Essay and Educated Filipino

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to the essay as a literary genre and the attributes of an educated Filipino as articulated by Francisco Benitez.

Essay

A brief, expository prose composition reflecting on life and human existence.

Montaigne

French writer who published the first collection of essays called Essais in 1580.

Formal Essay

A composition written in a restrained, thoughtful, and objective style, often research-based.

Informal Essay

An essay with a chatty, colloquial style, suggesting a friendly air and personal reflection.

Narrative Essay

An essay that narrates incidents or events to present the writer’s ideas.

Descriptive Essay

An essay focusing on describing nature, such as flowers, rivers, fields.

Speculative Essay

An essay that theorizes or poses questions on various subjects.

Biographical Essay

An informal, analytical essay portraying a character or life sketch.

Critical Essay

An essay that includes literary criticisms and aims to analyze and judge.

Didactic Essay

An essay similar to a sermon, explaining and persuading on moral lessons.

Periodical Essay

An essay published in newspapers, magazines, focusing on current issues.

Francisco Benitez

A prominent Filipino educator and founder of the College of Education at the University of the Philippines.

Educated Filipino

A Filipino with qualities that reflect knowledge, cultural understanding, and moral character.

Ideal Education

Education that prepares individuals for citizenship and national service.

Cultural Understanding

Knowledge of one’s own culture, history, and the context of one’s society.

Economic Development

Contributing to the economic growth and efficiency of society.

Self-sufficiency

The ability to support oneself and not be an economic burden to society.

Social Responsibility

The duty of individuals to contribute positively to their community.

Moral Character

Ethical qualities that contribute to good conduct and culture.

Knowledge of History

Understanding and appreciating one's own country’s history and cultural heritage.

Refined Manners

Cultured behavior and conduct recognized as a part of civilization.

Self-Entertainment

The ability to find enjoyment in one's own company without external distractions.

Progress of the World

Awareness and engagement with ongoing developments globally.

Civic Duties

Responsibilities of a citizen towards their community and country.

Cultural Heritage

The values, traditions, and history passed down through generations.

National Consciousness

Awareness of one's identity as part of a nation and its values.

Democratic Institutions

Structures that support democracy and citizen participation in governance.

Globalized World

A world interconnected through trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

Philippine Journal of Education

A publication founded by Francisco Benitez focusing on education in the Philippines.

Translating Reflection into Action

The ability to take thoughtful ideas and put them into practical use.

Educational Evolution

The development and changes in the educational system to meet societal needs.

National Service

Contributions individuals make to support their country.

Public Function of Education

The role education plays in society as a collective, public responsibility.

Cultural Norms

The shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a society.

Contributions to Society

Any efforts made by individuals that add value or improvement to the community.

Fundamental Changes

Significant shifts in society that impact education and cultural norms.

Civic Engagement

Active participation in the political and social life of one’s community.

Education as Public Responsibility

The belief that the state has the duty to educate all citizens.

Reflections on Education

Thoughts and analyses regarding the purpose and effectiveness of education.

Qualities of an Educated Filipino

Attributes that define an individual's education level, social awareness, and moral values.

Essais

First collection of essays published by Michel de Montaigne.

Power to Do

The capability to take action and produce tangible results in society.

Cultural Ignorance

Lack of knowledge about one’s own culture and history.

Service Economy

Economic activities that provide services rather than goods.

Civic Duties

Obligations of a citizen to participate actively in their community.

Systematic Education

Structured learning processes aimed at enhancing individual capabilities.

Reflective Thinking

The ability to think critically and deeply about one's experiences and knowledge.

Local Culture

The unique traditions, practices, and values of a specific community.

Moral Lessons

Ethical teachings that aim to guide behavior towards positive conduct.