SPTM 225 Exam 1

What is organization?

Any group of people working together to achieve a common purpose or goal that could not be attained by individuals working separately

What is management?

The coordination of human, material, technological, and financial resources needed for the organization to achieve its goals / responsibility for performance

What was early Intercollegiate Athletic Management like?

• Student- run (50+ years of student-run organizations)

• First professional coaches later brought in

  • Coach brought in but was only part-time

• Faculty control over college students

• Beginnings of management thinking (Early 1900s)

What are the 5 Functions in Fayol’s Functions of Management?

1.) Planning the work that needs to be done

2.) Organizing the work and the workplace to ensure that the work is productive

3.) Commanding or leading and directing the workers

4.) Coordinating the efforts of everyone performing the work

5.) Controlling or monitoring to ensure performance is consistent with the plan

What is Mintzberg’s 10 Roles of Managers?

1.) Figurehead: representing the organization at events and ceremonies

2.) Leader: Exercising influence with people and events

3.) Liaison: Interacting with other organizations

4.) Monitor: Receiving information critical for performance

5.) Disseminator: Sharing information within the organization

6.) Spokesperson: Presenting information outside the organization

7.) Entrepreneur: Initiating change to improve performance

8.) Disturbance Handler: Dealing with issues and crisis inside and outside the organization

9.) Resource Allocator: Determining where the organization’s human and financial resources and technology will be used

10.) Negotiator: Bargaining to arrive at agreements with groups and individuals both within and outside the organization

Case Study: Fayol, Mintzberg, and Managing Violence in Football

• Know basic facts of story: deaths + injuries during football game = university presidents getting together to form new management nationwide…

What is Title IX?

• A federal law that sought to increase equity for women in federally funded educational programs.

• Application of the law to intercollegiate athletics.

• Early limits on the scope of the law

• Department of Health, Education and Welfare oversight

• Grove City College v. Bell (ruled that any part of university that receives federal-funding, Title IX applies to all manners including athletics)

• Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987

• Commission on Opportunity in Athletics

• The NCAA v. AIAW

Systems Theory and the Experiences of Ethnic and Racial Minorities

• Land-grant colleges

• Industrial expansion and changing demographics

• Democratization of higher education

• Intercollegiate athletics was no longer just for  affluent universities in the Northeast.

• Racist attitudes among managers and university administrators

• Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)

• Segregation and integration

  • *Glory Road is an extra credit question*

  • No need for names, just how they felt about being ethnic minorities

What are Land - Grant Colleges?

• Schools funded by the law

• Started to become more open to different people of different classes

• Still excluded women, some ethnic and racial groups

• Started not as open but started becoming more open

What are some Key Elements of NCAA Division I Philosophy?

• Strives for regional and national prominence

• Serves both the university and the general public

• Sponsors at the highest level possible the spectator-oriented, income-producing sports of football and basketball

• Strives to finance the athletic program through revenues generated

What are some Key Elements of NCAA Division II Philosophy?

• Strives for broad participation and competitive excellence, encouraging sportsmanship

• Serves the campus and the general public

• Believes in permitting athletically related aid but on a more modest basis than Division I

What are some Key Elements of NCAA Division III Philosophy?

• Encourages participation

• Places special importance on the impact of athletics on the participants rather than the spectators and the entertainment needs of the general public

• Gives primary emphasis to in-season competition

• Awards no athletically related financial-aid

The NCAA’s
Principles for the Conduct of Intercollegiate Athletics

• Principle of Institutional Control and Responsibility

• Principle of Student-Athlete Well-being

• Principle of Gender Equity

• Principle of Sportsmanship and Ethical Conduct

• Principle of Sound Academic Standards

• Principle of Nondiscrimination

• Principle of Diversity within Governance Structures

• Principle of Rules Compliance

• Principle of Amateurism

• Principle of Competitive Equity

• Principle Governing Recruiting

• Principle Governing Eligibility

• Principle Governing Financial Aid

• Principle Governing Playing and Practice Seasons

• Principle Governing Postseason Competitions and Contests Sponsored by Non-Collegiate Organizations

• Principle Governing the Economy of Athletics Program Operation

What does “Orbits of Competition” mean?

• Competing but also working together

• Cooperation: So that all member schools succeed.

• Competition:

  • For wins

  • For media attention

  • For prospective student-athletes and coaching personnel

  • For revenues and resources

•Ex: BIG East documentary

What are the SMART Goals?

• S - Specific

• M - Meaningful enough to motivate

• A - Accepted by the participants

• R - Realistic yet challenging

• T - Time-Framed

What is benchmarking?

Setting goals from the outside - in

What are the guidelines for creating a Goal- Based Organization?

• Benchmarking

• Build in flexibility

• Create a network or system of goals

• Prioritize among multiple goals

What do Mission Statements intend to do?

• Summarizes what an organization does or seeks to do.

• Reveals an organization’s long-term vision, philosophy, and values.

• Provides a sense of direction for every individual and group in the organization.

Strategic Management in the Operation of Intercollegiate Athletic Departments (know what goes into strategic management!!)

• Develop mission and specific strategic goals

• Analyze the environment

• Formulate strategy

• Implement strategy

• Exert strategic control

Step 2:
Analyzing the Situation and Comparing the Organization to its Environment

• Task Environment:

  • Customers

  • Competitors

  • Regulators

• Looking at the organization's customers, competitors, and regulators

What 3 things must you have when implementing strategy?

What are the essential elements of organizational design?

• Common goals

• Division of work

• Coordination of effort

• Authority structure

• Structure follows strategy

• If any element is missing or poorly designed, an organization may be unsuccessful in implementing its strategies or in pursuing its mission.

What is the relationship between structure and strategy?

• Continuous Circle

Functional Structure Model of Organization Design

• A separate unit or department of specialists is created to perform each function essential for achieving the organization’s goals / Most commonly adopted by organizations producing a single product for a single market

Divisional Structure Model of Organization Design

• The work of the organization is divided according to the kind of products or services provided, the type of customer served, or the geographic region in which the organization competes
  

• EX: University of Tennessee or University of Texas had separate structures for men’s and women’s (test will ask for an example and can use either of these)

Non - Profit Foundation Structure Model of Organization Design

• A unit department within an organization is formed as a separate non-profit business

• EX: University of Florida uses a non-profit AT department that associates with the logo but is not apart of the university

Departmental Personnel Components

• People are the organization

  • Employees’ skills, knowledge, and abilities impact the organization’s ability to achieve its goals.

• Human Resource (HR) Management:

  • Establishing and maintaining specific programs and systems needed to attract, develop, and support a high-performance workforce.

What are Faculty Athletic Representatives?

• A member of an institution’s faculty or administrative staff (who holds faculty rank and shall not hold an administrative or coaching position in the athletic department) who is designated by the institution’s president or chancellor or other appropriate entity to represent the institution and its faculty in the institution’s relationship with the NCAA and its conference/ Duties shall be determined by the member institution

What are Institutional Senior Women Administrator?

• The highest ranking female involved in the management of an institution’s intercollegiate athletic program/ an institution with a female director of athletics may designate a different female involved in the management of the institution’s program